The Implicit Content of Sluicing

泄洪的隐含内容

• 批准号: 1451819
• 负责人: Pranav Anand
• 金额: $ 37.56万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451819&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Implicit; Content; Sluicing

In planning their linguistic expressions, speakers and writers are often able to leave out informationally redundant grammatical material, such as when the verb "call" is omitted in "Fred called, but Sheila didn't". This process, known as ellipsis, is widespread across the languages of the world, and is particularly common in informal language and dialogue. Among the many varieties of ellipsis is sluicing, where what is omitted is not a verb but an entire sentence. For example, a speaker may choose to leave out the understood sentence "he called" after "why" in a sentence like: "He called, but I don't know why".Ellipsis poses challenging scientific and engineering problems. Research over the past 50 or 60 years has demonstrated that the principles permitting ellipsis involve many different kinds of information (grammatical structure, the dynamics of the discourse context, and real-world knowledge), but the precise character of these principles and their interaction is still an open question. Progress has been hampered by the lack of a crucial resource type: databases of felicitous uses of ellipsis that are large enough to validate theories against, and rich enough to form the basis for machine learning.The first goal of this project is to build such a database for sluicing and to make it freely available to language scientists and engineers. This resource will be a large, curated corpus of naturally occurring ellipses, annotated at a level of sophistication that will allow a range of analytic questions to be probed quantitatively. As the curation and annotation proceed, patterns that emerge from the data will be used to investigate the interplay between grammar and context that makes ellipsis possible. Since ellipsis is a pervasive feature of human language, to better understand how it works is to better understand the nature of human linguistic behavior itself. This project should also stimulate technological innovation in an area of urgent need: in designing more sophisticated systems for interfacing with natural human conversation, which is replete with ellipses of every kind.

在计划他们的语言表达式时，演讲者和作家通常能够忽略信息多余的语法材料，例如，当“弗雷德称呼”中省略了动词“呼叫”时，但希拉没有。这个被称为省略号的过程在世界各种语言中广泛存在，并且在非正式语言和对话中尤为常见。在各种省略者中，省略了，其中省略的不是动词，而是整个句子。例如，演讲者可以选择忽略理解的句子“他在这样的句子中”，“为什么”之后：“他打电话给他，但我不知道为什么”。埃利普西斯（Ellipsis）提出了具有挑战性的科学和工程问题。在过去的50或60年中，研究表明，允许省略号的原则涉及许多不同类型的信息（语法结构，话语背景的动态以及现实世界知识），但是这些原理的确切特征及其相互作用仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。缺乏关键资源类型的影响所阻碍进步：省略物质使用的数据库，这些数据库足以验证理论，并且足够丰富，足以构成机器学习的基础。该项目的第一个目标是构建这样的数据库，以便为语言科学家和工程师免费使用。该资源将是一个自然发生的椭圆形的大型，精心策划的语料库，以一种复杂的水平注释，可以定量探测一系列分析问题。随着策展和注释的进行，从数据中出现的模式将用于研究语法与使省略号成为可能的语言之间的相互作用。由于省略号是人类语言的普遍特征，因此更好地了解其工作原理是更好地理解人类语言行为本身的本质。该项目还应在迫切需要的领域刺激技术创新：在设计更复杂的系统来与自然人类对话接触时，这充满了各种椭圆。