Synthesis And Restructuring of a Yeast Chromosome

酵母染色体的合成和重组

• 批准号: 1443299
• 负责人: Jef Boeke
• 金额: $ 63.5万
• 依托单位: New York University Medical Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1443299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Synthesis; Restructuring; Yeast; Chromosome

Chemists first probed the structure of matter using analytic approaches, describing what they perceived. They subsequently gained a far more thorough mastery of and insights into chemical compounds by synthesizing them. Biology is now undergoing a similar transition from the age of deciphering DNA sequence information of biological species to a synthetic genome age; this transition demands a whole new level of biological understanding, which has been formalized as the new discipline of "Synthetic Biology" (SynBio). A great deal of energy and effort has been invested by the principal investigators into a new undergraduate course, "Build A Genome", in which students produce the Building Blocks used as starting materials for chromosome assembly. This course will be expanded dramatically by "franchising" it to other Colleges and Universities, thereby engaging a highly motivated workforce directly in the project and providing unparalleled training/learning opportunities for students nationwide, and eventually, internationally. The eventual "synthetic yeast" that will be designed and refined is likely to play an important practical role. Yeasts, and S. cerevisiae in particular, are preeminent organisms for industrial fermentations, with a wide variety of practical uses including ethanol production from agricultural products and by-products. This project uses the model eukaryote S. cerevisiae as the basis for a cell with a synthetic genome "Sc2.0" that can be used to answer a wide variety of profound questions about fundamental properties of chromosomes, genome organization, gene content, the function of RNA splicing, the extent to which small RNAs play a role in eukaryotic biology, the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the intimate relationship between genome structure and evolution. The availability of a fully synthetic genome will allow direct testing of evolutionary questions that are not otherwise approachable. S. cerevisiae is the organism of choice for these studies because the genomic and related resources available are quite simply better than for any other organism. This offers the opportunity to apply extensive yeast systems biology information to the design of chromosomes for the organism. It is anticipated that Sc2.0 will differ from the native organism, and the multitude of genetic assays available for the organism can be used to understand phenotypic differences that might be observed.

化学家首先使用分析方法探测了物质的结构，并描述了他们的感知。随后，他们通过合成化合物对化合物进行了更彻底的掌握和洞察力。现在，生物学正在经历从生物种类的解密DNA序列信息到合成基因组时代的类似过渡。这种过渡需要一个全新的生物学理解水平，该理解已被正式化为“合成生物学”的新学科（Synbio）。 主要研究人员投资了大量精力和努力，为新的本科课程“建立基因组”，在该课程中，学生生产用作染色体组装起始材料的构件。该课程将通过将其“特许经营”为其他学院和大学来大大扩展，从而直接参与项目中有积极进取的劳动力，并为全国学生，最终在国际上为学生提供无与伦比的培训/学习机会。最终设计和完善的“合成酵母”可能起着重要的实际作用。尤其是酵母菌和酿酒酵母，是工业发酵的杰出生物，具有多种实际用途，包括农产品和副产品的乙醇生产。 This project uses the model eukaryote S. cerevisiae as the basis for a cell with a synthetic genome "Sc2.0" that can be used to answer a wide variety of profound questions about fundamental properties of chromosomes, genome organization, gene content, the function of RNA splicing, the extent to which small RNAs play a role in eukaryotic biology, the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the intimate relationship between基因组结构和进化。完全合成基因组的可用性将允许直接测试其他不可用的进化问题。酿酒酵母是这些研究的首选生物，因为可用的基因组和相关资源比其他任何生物都好。这提供了将广泛的酵母系统生物学信息应用于生物体的染色体设计的机会。可以预料，SC2.0与本地生物体有所不同，并且可用于生物体可用的众多遗传测定方法可用于理解可能观察到的表型差异。