Collaborative Research: Construction of the Upstream Tracker for the LHCb Upgrade

合作研究：LHCb升级上游跟踪器的构建

• 批准号: 1433120
• 负责人: Michael Sokoloff
• 金额: $ 18.5万
• 依托单位: University of Cincinnati Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1433120&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Construction; Upstream; Tracker

OverviewOne of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists, leaves open many questions about the universe. These include why matter dominates over anti-matter in the Universe (CP violation), the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. Most explanations require the presence of new forces, which we call Beyond the Standard Model Physics (BSM).The LHC is the premier Energy Frontier particle accelerator in the world and is currently operating at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. It is one of the foremost facilities for answering these BSM questions.Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) is the first experiment designed specifically to study the decays of hadrons containing beauty or charm quarks at a hadron collider. The goal of LHCb is to identify new physics in nature by examining the properties of hadrons containing these quarks. New physics, or new forces, are manifest by particles, as yet to be discovered. These particles would modify decay rates and CP violating asymmetries, and thus allow new phenomena to be observed indirectly. In direct searches for new particles, the accelerators' energy must be high enough to allow the particle to be produced. In indirect searches effects of new particles can be seen even if they have a much higher mass than can be seen directly, because the effects are quantum in nature, and appear in calculations where the particles are "virtual" so they are emitted and absorbed over short times. LHCb has operated very successfully starting in late 2010. The data are being analyzed and published. The experiment has shown many results, but none so far have clearly demonstrated new physics. LHCb has proposed an upgrade to be completed in the 2018-2019 time-frame when the LHC accelerator will not be running. This upgrade will allow LHCb to collect an order of magnitude more data in decay modes that will either show new physics or severely restrict the allowed mass range. LHCb is comprised of about 10 different sub-detectors or sub-systems. The Syracuse, Maryland, Cincinnati and MIT groups participating in this award have the responsibility of upgrading a part of the charged particle tracking system. The intent is to significantly enhance the capabilities of this system above and beyond the requirement that data can be taken at an order of magnitude higher luminosity.Intellectual MeritThe intellectual merit of this award is that it is part of an upgrade of LHCb that will allow a much more sensitive search for BSM physics. The main deliverable will be a new inner tracking device, the Upstream Tracker (UT). This device will increase the data throughput over the current tracking device by an order of magnitude, allowing the LHCb experiment to probe BSM physics. The UT, which replaces the current tracker, will consists of four planes of single-sided 250 micron thick silicon strip detectors, read out by a custom-made front-end electronic integrated circuit. With its reduced material budget and optimized segmentation as a function of the distance from the beam line, it plays a crucial role in reducing the rate of fake tracks and in providing fast momentum measurements in the residual field of the dipole magnet. Broader ImpactsThe broader impacts of this work span several areas. Undergraduate and graduate students will be direct participants in the construction and testing of the detector that will be constructed. For many years a steady stream of undergraduate and graduate students have been working in the PIs' laboratories, where it is a tradition to ensure that graduate students have both hardware experience as well as data analysis capabilities. The upgrade work will be integrated into the Syracuse Quarknet program to involve high school teachers and some of their better students as well. Test results from this detector will be discussed at conferences and published. This detector is an integral part of the LHCb Upgrade and is essential for LHCb to continue to produce cutting edge physics results.

概述 20 世纪的一项重大智力成就是粒子物理学标准模型 (SM) 的发展。该模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子分类为具有相似量子特性的群的层次结构。最近，欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 发现的希格斯玻色子证实了该模型迄今为止的有效性。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题。其中包括为什么宇宙中物质比反物质占主导地位（CP破坏）、基本成分、夸克和轻子的质量值、夸克之间以及轻子之间单独混合的大小，以及暗物质的特性。大多数解释都需要新的力量的存在，我们称之为超越标准模型物理（BSM）。大型强子对撞机是世界上首屈一指的能源前沿粒子加速器，目前在瑞士日内瓦附近的欧洲核子研究中心实验室运行。 它是回答这些 BSM 问题的最重要的设施之一。 大型强子对撞机美 (LHCb) 是第一个专门设计用于研究强子对撞机中包含美夸克或粲夸克的强子衰变的实验。 LHCb 的目标是通过检查包含这些夸克的强子的性质来识别自然界中的新物理学。新的物理学或新的力量是由尚未被发现的粒子表现出来的。这些粒子将改变衰变率和CP破坏不对称性，从而允许间接观察到新现象。在直接寻找新粒子时，加速器的能量必须足够高才能产生粒子。在间接搜索中，即使新粒子的质量比直接可见的质量高得多，也可以看到它们的影响，因为这些影响本质上是量子的，并且出现在计算中，其中粒子是“虚拟”的，因此它们会发射和吸收时间短。 LHCb 从 2010 年底开始运行非常成功。数据正在分析和发布。该实验显示了许多结果，但迄今为止还没有一个清楚地证明了新的物理原理。 LHCb 提议在 2018-2019 年期间完成升级，届时 LHC 加速器将不会运行。此次升级将使 LHCb 在衰变模式下收集更多数量级的数据，这些数据要么显示新的物理现象，要么严格限制允许的质量范围。 LHCb 由大约 10 个不同的子探测器或子系统组成。参与该奖项的锡拉丘兹、马里兰、辛辛那提和麻省理工学院的团体有责任升级部分带电粒子跟踪系统。其目的是显着增强该系统的功能，超越以高一个数量级的亮度获取数据的要求。 智力优点 该奖项的智力优点在于，它是 LHCb 升级的一部分，该升级将允许对 BSM 物理的搜索更加敏感。主要交付成果将是一个新的内部跟踪设备，即上游跟踪器（UT）。该设备将使当前跟踪设备的数据吞吐量提高一个数量级，从而使 LHCb 实验能够探测 BSM 物理现象。 UT 将取代当前的跟踪器，由四个单面 250 微米厚的硅条探测器平面组成，由定制的前端电子集成电路读出。凭借其减少的材料预算和优化的分割（作为距束线距离的函数），它在减少假轨迹率和提供偶极磁体剩余磁场中的快速动量测量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。更广泛的影响 这项工作的更广泛影响涵盖多个领域。本科生和研究生将直接参与即将建造的探测器的建造和测试。多年来，源源不断的本科生和研究生一直在 PI 实验室工作，确保研究生既具备硬件经验又具备数据分析能力是这里的传统。升级工作将整合到雪城大学 Quarknet 计划中，让高中教师和一些更优秀的学生也参与进来。该探测器的测试结果将在会议上讨论并发布。该探测器是 LHCb 升级版的一个组成部分，对于 LHCb 继续产生尖端物理结果至关重要。