GOALI: Sinter-Resistant, Self-Regenerating Platinum Group Metal Catalysts for Low Temperature Oxidation

GOALI：用于低温氧化的抗烧结、自再生铂族金属催化剂

• 批准号: 1438765
• 负责人: Abhaya Datye
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1438765&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Sinter; Resistant; Self; Regenerating

Project Title: GOALI: Sinter-Resistant, Self-Regenerating Platinum Group Metal Catalysts for Automotive Exhaust TreatmentAdvanced combustion engines being developed for meeting our transportation needs achieve improved fuel efficiency by lowering exhaust temperatures. This puts demands on the technology for catalytic converters, since these catalysts must become active at lower temperatures. The proposed research addresses the design of these catalysts, leading to improvements in air quality and to societal needs for energy. Automotive exhaust catalysts lose activity during use due to precious metal sintering. This loss of performance requires a new exhaust catalyst, thereby putting pressure on prices for precious metals such as Pt and Pd. By developing ways to slow the growth of metal particle size, demand for these precious metals is reduced, and they can be used more efficiently. This GOALI award recognizes the strategic importance of this research to the U.S., and is in support of an industry-university collaboration between Abhaya Datye of the University of New Mexico and Chang Kim and Gongshin Qi of General Motors Global R&D. The university participants will use model catalysts that allow characterization with advanced microscopy techniques which cannot be applied to actual commercial automotive catalysts. The results will be shared with the scientists at GM, and the team will attempt to implement the findings in new technologies for exhaust emissions control. An added educational feature is that students will spend time working in the industry partner laboratories as part of this collaborative research program.The research challenge being addressed here impacts the entire class of precious metal heterogeneous catalysts used for meeting the needs for energy, materials and fuels. Three way catalysts in automotive exhaust (especially those in the close coupled position) are subjected to elevated temperatures that lead to growth of nanoparticle size and loss of activity. The research will address Ostwald ripening of nanoparticles, investigating the key steps of atom emission and capture, by using model catalysts. Industrial supported metal catalysts do not lend themselves to direct measurements of processes such as atom emission or capture, which are critical to understanding catalyst sintering. This research program uses novel forms of model catalysts that can be heated to temperatures and gas atmospheres encountered in automotive exhaust. The model catalysts allow obtaining time-lapsed electron micrographic images of the same region of the sample, so that rates of atom transport can be inferred. These rates, coupled with a robust physics-based model, will help improve predictions of catalyst sintering. Methods will be developed to modify the rates of emission and novel approaches developed to capture mobile species. Concepts developed using model catalysts will be translated to powder catalysts and tested under realistic conditions using the facilities of the industry partner. The close participation of industry and university researchers is critical for validating the concepts and models. GM has committed significant resources in terms of people time and access to facilities, to enable this research to be successful. The partnership will help address significant unknowns in the understanding of catalyst sintering, and will lead to advances in the synthesis of novel catalysts with improved reactivity.

项目标题：守门员：耐烧结，自我再生的铂集团金属催化剂，用于开发用于满足我们运输需求的汽车排气处理燃烧发动机，通过降低排气温度来提高燃油效率。 这提出了对催化转化器的技术的需求，因为这些催化剂必须在较低的温度下变得活跃。 拟议的研究涉及这些催化剂的设计，从而改善了空气质量和能源的社会需求。 汽车排气催化剂由于贵金属烧结而在使用过程中失去活性。这种性能丧失需要新的排气催化剂，从而对PT和PD等贵金属的价格施加压力。 通过开发减慢金属粒度生长的方法，对这些贵金属的需求减少了，并且可以更有效地使用它们。该攻击奖认可了这项研究对美国的战略重要性，并支持新墨西哥大学的Abhaya Datye与General Motors Global Global R＆D的Abhaya Datye之间的行业合作。 大学的参与者将使用模型催化剂，这些催化剂允许使用高级显微镜技术进行表征，这些技术无法应用于实际的商业汽车催化剂。结果将与通用汽车的科学家共享，团队将尝试在新技术中实施用于排气排放控制的发现。一个额外的教育特征是，作为该协作研究计划的一部分，学生将花费时间在行业合作伙伴实验室中工作。在这里解决的研究挑战会影响整个珍贵金属异质性催化剂，用于满足能源，材料和燃料的需求。 汽车排气中的三种催化剂（尤其是处于接近耦合位置的催化剂）受到升高的温度，从而导致纳米颗粒大小的生长和活性损失。 该研究将通过使用模型催化剂来解决纳米颗粒的Ostwald成熟，研究原子排放和捕获的关键步骤。 工业支持的金属催化剂并不能够直接测量原子排放或捕获等过程，这对于理解催化剂烧结至关重要。 该研究计划使用新型的模型催化剂形式，可以加热到汽车排气中遇到的温度和气体气氛。 模型催化剂允许获得样品同一区域的时贴电子显微图像，以便可以推断出原子传输的速率。 这些速率以及基于物理的强大模型将有助于改善催化剂烧结的预测。 将开发方法来修改用于捕获移动物种的发射速率和新的方法。 使用模型催化剂开发的概念将被转化为粉末催化剂，并使用行业合作伙伴的设施在现实条件下进行测试。行业和大学研究人员的亲密参与对于验证概念和模型至关重要。 通用汽车在人们的时间和获取设施方面投入了大量资源，以使这项研究成功。 该伙伴关系将有助于解决对催化剂烧结的重要未知数，并将导致与反应性提高的新型催化剂合成的进步。