Collaborative Research: GEOTRACES Arctic Section: Sampling and Analyses of Atmospheric Deposition

合作研究：GEOTRACES 北极部分：大气沉积的采样和分析

• 批准号: 1435871
• 负责人: Yuan Gao
• 金额: $ 32.97万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University Newark
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1435871&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; GEOTRACES; Arctic; Section

In this project, a group of investigators participating in the 2015 U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic Ocean expedition will study the distribution of a variety of trace elements in seawater, sea ice, and marine air. It is important to understand where they are and how they move in the Arctic because some trace elements are essential to life, others are known biological toxins, and still others are important because they can be used as tracers of a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the sea. In common with other multinational initiatives in the International GEOTRACES Program, the goals of the U.S. Arctic expedition are to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions. This multi-institutional team of ocean trace element experts will focus its attention on the importance of aerosol, precipitation, and sea ice melt water in trace element cycling. Results from this work will be disseminated through public educational initiatives, such as web communications and outreach to members of the public, including indigenous populations in Alaska. The project will also provide training for graduate and undergraduate students in biology and chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway and transport mechanism of both natural aerosols and contaminants to the ocean. Relative to other regions, atmospheric deposition rates in the Arctic are low and aerosols and dissolved chemicals in precipitation may be deposited directly to the sea surface or, unique to polar regions, onto sea ice. Given the unique biogeochemical processes of the region and its rapid changes in response to global climate change, quantifying the current atmospheric deposition of trace elements and isotopes to differing catchments (ocean, sea ice, and melt ponds) in the Arctic is critical to our ability to predict how their distribution may evolve over time. In this study, aerosol, precipitation, and melt water samples will be collected and analyzed for trace elements and isotopes in order to evaluate the impacts on the surface ocean and sea ice chemistry from natural and anthropogenic aerosols. Through this project, collected atmospheric samples from the Arctic will also be made available for distribution to the broader scientific community.

在该项目中，一组参加2015年美国地理座位的调查人员将研究海水，海冰和海洋空气中各种微量元素的分布。重要的是要了解它们的位置以及它们如何在北极移动，因为某些痕量元素对生命至关重要，有些是已知的生物学毒素，而其他痕迹很重要，因为它们可以用作海洋中各种物理，化学和生物过程的示踪剂。美国北极探险队的目标是与国际地理计划计划中的其他跨国公司计划相同，是确定过程并量化流量，以控制海洋中关键的微量元素和同位素的分布，并确定这些分布对不断变化环境条件的敏感性。这个多机构的海洋微量元素专家团队将把注意力集中在痕量元素循环中气溶胶，降水和海冰融化水的重要性上。这项工作的结果将通过公共教育计划（例如网络通讯和向公众推出）（包括阿拉斯加的土著人口）进行传播。该项目还将为生物学和化学研究生和本科生提供培训。大气沉积是天然气溶胶和向海洋污染物的重要途径和运输机制。相对于其他区域，北极的大气沉积速率是低的，气溶胶和降水中的溶解化学物质可以直接沉积到海面或极地区域独有的海冰上。鉴于该地区的独特生物地球化学过程及其响应全球气候变化的快速变化，从而量化了北极区域（海洋，海冰和熔体池）的痕量元素和同位素的当前大气沉积对于我们预测其分布可能会随着时间而变化而言至关重要。在这项研究中，将收集和分析气溶胶，降水和熔体水样品，以评估天然和人为气溶胶对表面海洋和海冰化学的影响。通过这个项目，还将提供从北极收集的大气样本，以分发给更广泛的科学界。