Doctoral Dissertation Research: An Ethnographic Analysis of the Production and Management of Astronomy's Big Data Sets

博士论文研究：天文学大数据集生产和管理的民族志分析

• 批准号: 1423373
• 负责人: Hugh Raffles
• 金额: $ 1.8万
• 依托单位: The New School
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1423373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Ethnographic; Analysis

As we enter what has been referred to as the Age of Big Data, experts speculate about the implications of shifting scientific paradigms and knowledge practices. This project explores the valuation of data and how new models of intelligibility and tools for making data coherent are being made and tested. This research, which trains a graduate student in how to conduct rigorous empirical fieldwork, examines specifically how astronomical data are produced, managed, and circulated. Katheryn Detwiler, under the supervision of Dr. Hugh Raffles of the New School University, will explore how resources for optimal astronomical data collection are established, how massive datasets are produced and managed in practice, and the effects of these data as they circulate. The research will principally take place in the Atacama Desert, which hosts nearly two thirds of the world's infrastructure for astronomical observation. The researcher will detail the regulation of light and radio wave pollution in the desert and, at one of the Atacama's largest observatories, will inquire into the everyday work of transforming light waves into data. The project follows these data as they circulate to far-flung datacenters, valuable for the astronomical knowledge they generate and also as Big Data, a proving ground for new techniques of data management and interpretation. This study has two broad aims: 1) to develop an understanding of the contemporary Atacama Desert as a site of techno-scientific innovation; 2) to provide a detailed account of how narratives associated with the Age of Big Data relate to the ways actors conceptualize and work with massive data in lived, material practice. It proposes to study massive data through ethnographic methods analyzing the specific relations from which data emerge and those that data forge. The research will draw from the social study of science and technology, media and communication theory, the anthropology of value, and ethnographies of infrastructure and material networks. In addition to providing funding for the training of a graduate student in anthropology, the project would help contribute to understanding and improving upon how scientific data is disseminated to the public.

当我们进入所谓的大数据时代时，专家们猜测科学范式和知识实践转变的影响。该项目探讨了数据的评估以及如何制作和测试新的可理解性模型和使数据连贯的工具。这项研究训练研究生如何进行严格的实证实地考察，具体研究了天文数据是如何产生、管理和传播的。凯瑟琳·德特维尔 (Katheryn Detwiler) 在新学院大学休·莱佛士 (Hugh Raffles) 博士的指导下，将探讨如何建立最佳天文数据收集资源、如何在实践中生成和管理海量数据集，以及这些数据流通时的影响。这项研究将主要在阿塔卡马沙漠进行，该沙漠拥有世界上近三分之二的天文观测基础设施。研究人员将详细介绍沙漠中光和无线电波污染的监管，并将在阿塔卡马最大的天文台之一调查将光波转化为数据的日常工作。该项目跟踪这些数据，因为它们流向遥远的数据中心，这些数据对于它们生成的天文知识很有价值，同时也是大数据，是数据管理和解释新技术的试验场。这项研究有两个广泛的目标：1）加深对当代阿塔卡马沙漠作为科技创新场所的了解； 2）详细说明与大数据时代相关的叙述如何与参与者在生活、物质实践中概念化和处理海量数据的方式相关。它建议通过人种学方法来研究海量数据，分析数据出现和数据伪造的具体关系。该研究将借鉴科学技术的社会研究、媒体和传播理论、价值人类学以及基础设施和物质网络的民族志。除了为人类学研究生的培训提供资金外，该项目还将有助于理解和改进向公众传播科学数据的方式。