A Direct Experimental Link Between Atomic-Scale and Macroscale Friction

原子尺度和宏观尺度摩擦之间的直接实验联系

• 批准号: 1434435
• 负责人: David Burris
• 金额: $ 29.79万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434435&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Direct; Experimental; Link; Between; Atomic

Friction governs the operating limitations, durability, energy consumption, and control of virtually every machine including those with important implications for healthcare, economic prosperity, and national security. Although we sense friction at the macroscale, it is known to originate at the atomic-scale. Despite having scientific roots dating back to da Vinci, our understanding of how these fundamental atomic-scale interactions contribute to everyday friction remains poor. This award will support a controlled study of interfacial friction from the atomic-scale to the practical-scale to elucidate this relationship. The results will be used to develop a testable model of frictional scaling. Such a model is needed to inform materials design and surface engineering efforts for friction control applications. The results will translate to practice through our existing collaborations with industrial partners whose products all make extensive use of the model solid lubricant material studied here. Lastly, the project funds an educational effort that reaches 6-12th grade populations, university students and faculty, and the broader scientific community. Atomic force microscopy enables fundamental studies of atomic-scale friction phenomena whereas traditional tribometry measures friction at the more practical macro-scale. A lack of the tools needed to study the length, force, and speed scales in between has prevented the community from linking machine friction to its fundamental origins. The team on this project has developed two key technologies to enable this project: 1) a method to reliably calibrate and quantitatively measure atomic-scale friction and 2) a microtribometer capable of bridging measurements from the atomic-scale to those from the macroscale. The objective of this project is to stitch these length-scales together by carefully controlling material, load, probe radius and speed in the gap between the atomic and macro size-scales. The results will be used to develop a testable scaling model for interfacial friction that will enable our materials scientist collaborators to design materials and engineer interfaces for improved frictional control. To promote translation of the science to broader audiences, the team will: 1) publish in the most visible journals; 2) present at high impact conferences; 3) educate collaborators; 4) inject practices and outcomes into instruction; 5) mentor graduate and undergraduate students in research; and 6) engage 7-12th grade populations by conducting outreach activities on campus and at tribology conferences.

摩擦控制了几乎每台机器的运营限制，耐用性，能源消耗和控制，包括那些对医疗保健，经济繁荣和国家安全具有重要影响的机器。尽管我们在宏观上感觉到摩擦，但众所周知，它源于原子尺度。尽管科学的根源可以追溯到达芬奇，但我们对这些基本原子级相互作用如何促进日常摩擦的理解仍然很差。该奖项将支持一项对界面摩擦的对照研究，从原子级到实践规模，以阐明这种关系。结果将用于开发可测试的摩擦缩放模型。需要这样的模型来为材料设计和表面工程工作提供为摩擦控制应用。 结果将通过我们与工业合作伙伴的现有合作来转化为实践，其产品都广泛使用了此处研究的固体润滑剂材料。最后，该项目为教育工作提供了资金，该项目达到了6至12年级的人群，大学生和教职员工以及更广泛的科学界。原子力显微镜可以对原子尺度摩擦现象进行基本研究，而传统的落叶法在更实用的宏观尺度上测量摩擦。缺乏研究两者之间的长度，力量和速度尺度所需的工具，这使社区无法将机器摩擦与其基本起源联系起来。 该项目的团队开发了两种关键技术来实现该项目：1）一种可靠地校准和定量测量原子尺度摩擦的方法，以及2）一个微纤维计，能够从原子尺度桥接到从巨镜的摩擦尺度上进行测量。 该项目的目的是通过仔细控制原子和宏大小尺寸之间的缝隙中的材料，负载，探针半径和速度来拼接这些长度尺度。 结果将用于开发用于界面摩擦的可测缩缩放模型，该模型将使我们的材料科学家合作者能够设计材料和工程师界面，以改善摩擦控制。 为了促进科学翻译向更广泛的观众，团队将：1）发表在最明显的期刊上； 2）在高影响力会议上出席； 3）教育合作者； 4）将实践和结果注入指导； 5）从事研究的导师毕业生和本科生； 6）通过在校园和摩擦学会议上进行外展活动来吸引7至12年级的人群。