Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Effects of Class and Motherhood in Families and the Labor Market

博士论文研究：阶级和母性对家庭和劳动力市场的影响

• 批准号: 1434132
• 负责人: Sara McLanahan
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434132&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Effects; Class

This dissertation uses experimental methods to investigate how social class shapes the experience of motherhood. The dissertation assesses whether - and if so, why - employers discriminate against low- and high-skilled mothers in the labor market. The investigators perform a large-scale field experiment, an audit study, by studying low- and high-skilled job openings. The dissertation then investigates why employers might discriminate against mothers, experimentally manipulating motherhood status and indicators of applicant quality. Obtaining an understanding of discrimination in low- and high-skilled jobs advances our understanding of when and how motherhood disadvantages women. Findings can aid understanding of and suggest directions of inquiry to address discrimination at this stage of the employment process. Additionally, the study evaluates whether low-skilled mothers face significant barriers in finding jobs. Next, the dissertation examines how ideas about good parenting differ by social class, and whether parents hold mothers to higher parenting standards than fathers. A survey experiment is performed in which respondents evaluate descriptions of parent-child interactions, with the gender of the parent presented being experimentally manipulated. By examining how parents evaluate different childrearing approaches, this research can strengthen stakeholders' efforts to promote family involvement in children's education, and help to design more effective parenting interventions. The dissertation aims to illuminate the role of social class in producing distinct disadvantages for mothers with different resources.

该论文使用实验方法来研究社会阶层如何塑造母性的经历。论文评估了雇主是否以及这样的话，雇主是否会歧视劳动力市场中的低技能和高技能母亲。研究人员通过研究低技能和高技能的工作空缺，进行了一项大规模现场实验，这是一项审计研究。然后，论文调查了为什么雇主可能会歧视母亲，通过实验操纵母性状况和申请人质量的指标。了解低技能和高技能工作中的歧视的理解使我们对何时以及如何犯下妇女的何时以及如何理解。调查结果可以帮助理解并建议在就业过程的这一阶段解决歧视的调查方向。此外，该研究评估了低熟的母亲在寻找工作时是否面临重大障碍。接下来，论文探讨了关于良好育儿的想法如何因社会阶层而有所不同，以及父母是否将母亲的育儿标准与父亲保持在更高的育儿标准上。进行了一项调查实验，其中受访者评估了对亲子相互作用的描述，而父母的性别进行了实验操纵。通过研究父母如何评估不同的育儿方法，这项研究可以加强利益相关者在促进家庭参与儿童教育的努力，并帮助设计更有效的育儿干预措施。论文旨在阐明社会阶层在为拥有不同资源的母亲产生不同的缺点中的作用。