Collaborative Research: Construction of the Upstream Tracker for the LHCb Upgrade

合作研究：LHCb升级上游跟踪器的构建

• 批准号: 1433169
• 负责人: Abolhassan Jawahery
• 金额: $ 110.71万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1433169&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Construction; Upstream; Tracker

OverviewOne of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists, leaves open many questions about the universe. These include why matter dominates over anti-matter in the Universe (CP violation), the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. Most explanations require the presence of new forces, which we call Beyond the Standard Model Physics (BSM).The LHC is the premier Energy Frontier particle accelerator in the world and is currently operating at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. It is one of the foremost facilities for answering these BSM questions.Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) is the first experiment designed specifically to study the decays of hadrons containing beauty or charm quarks at a hadron collider. The goal of LHCb is to identify new physics in nature by examining the properties of hadrons containing these quarks. New physics, or new forces, are manifest by particles, as yet to be discovered. These particles would modify decay rates and CP violating asymmetries, and thus allow new phenomena to be observed indirectly. In direct searches for new particles, the accelerators' energy must be high enough to allow the particle to be produced. In indirect searches effects of new particles can be seen even if they have a much higher mass than can be seen directly, because the effects are quantum in nature, and appear in calculations where the particles are "virtual" so they are emitted and absorbed over short times. LHCb has operated very successfully starting in late 2010. The data are being analyzed and published. The experiment has shown many results, but none so far have clearly demonstrated new physics. LHCb has proposed an upgrade to be completed in the 2018-2019 time-frame when the LHC accelerator will not be running. This upgrade will allow LHCb to collect an order of magnitude more data in decay modes that will either show new physics or severely restrict the allowed mass range. LHCb is comprised of about 10 different sub-detectors or sub-systems. The Syracuse, Maryland, Cincinnati and MIT groups participating in this award have the responsibility of upgrading a part of the charged particle tracking system. The intent is to significantly enhance the capabilities of this system above and beyond the requirement that data can be taken at an order of magnitude higher luminosity.Intellectual MeritThe intellectual merit of this award is that it is part of an upgrade of LHCb that will allow a much more sensitive search for BSM physics. The main deliverable will be a new inner tracking device, the Upstream Tracker (UT). This device will increase the data throughput over the current tracking device by an order of magnitude, allowing the LHCb experiment to probe BSM physics. The UT, which replaces the current tracker, will consists of four planes of single-sided 250 micron thick silicon strip detectors, read out by a custom-made front-end electronic integrated circuit. With its reduced material budget and optimized segmentation as a function of the distance from the beam line, it plays a crucial role in reducing the rate of fake tracks and in providing fast momentum measurements in the residual field of the dipole magnet. Broader ImpactsThe broader impacts of this work span several areas. Undergraduate and graduate students will be direct participants in the construction and testing of the detector that will be constructed. For many years a steady stream of undergraduate and graduate students have been working in the PIs' laboratories, where it is a tradition to ensure that graduate students have both hardware experience as well as data analysis capabilities. The upgrade work will be integrated into the Syracuse Quarknet program to involve high school teachers and some of their better students as well. Test results from this detector will be discussed at conferences and published. This detector is an integral part of the LHCb Upgrade and is essential for LHCb to continue to produce cutting edge physics results.

20世纪主要智力成就的概述是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。该模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子分类为具有相似量子特性的组的层次结构。迄今为止，该模型的有效性最近通过在CERN的大型强子对撞机（LHC）发现了Higgs玻色子证实。但是，目前存在的标准模型留下了有关宇宙的许多问题。其中包括为什么物质在宇宙中占主导地位（违反CP），基本成分的质量，夸克和叶子的质量，夸克之间的混合大小，在leptons中分别，以及leptons和暗物质的特性。大多数解释都需要存在新力量，我们将其称为标准模型物理（BSM）。LHC是世界上首要的能量边界粒子加速器，目前正在瑞士日内瓦附近的CERN实验室运营。 这是回答这些BSM问题的最重要设施之一。Large强子对撞机美女（LHCB）是第一个专门研究旨在研究载有载有美女或魅力夸克的腐烂的实验。 LHCB的目的是通过检查包含这些夸克的Hadron的特性来识别自然界的新物理学。新物理或新力是由粒子表现出来的，尚未被发现。这些颗粒会改变衰减速率和违反不对称的CP，因此可以间接观察到新现象。在直接搜索新粒子时，加速器的能量必须足够高才能产生粒子。在间接搜索中，新粒子的效果即使它们的质量比直接看到的质量要高得多，因为效果本质上是量子的，并且出现在粒子“虚拟”的计算中，因此它们被发射并吸收了短时间。 LHCB从2010年底开始非常成功地运行。数据正在分析和发布。该实验显示了许多结果，但是到目前为止，没有一个清楚地证明了新物理学。 LHCB提出了一项升级，将在2018 - 2019年时间范围内完成，当时LHC加速器将不运行。此升级将使LHCB以衰减模式收集更多数据级，这些数据将显示新的物理学或严格限制允许的质量范围。 LHCB由大约10个不同的子检测器或子系统组成。参加该奖项的锡拉丘兹，马里兰州，辛辛那提和麻省理工学院团体有责任升级带电的粒子跟踪系统的一部分。目的是显着增强该系统的能力超出要求以更高的亮度顺序获取数据的要求。Intellectual值得这一奖项的知识分子优点是，它是LHCB升级的一部分对BSM物理学的更敏感搜索。主要可交付方式将是一种新的内部跟踪设备，即上游跟踪器（UT）。该设备将通过一个数量级将数据吞吐量上升到当前的跟踪设备上，从而允许LHCB实验探测BSM物理。取代当前跟踪器的UT将由四个单面250微米厚的硅条探测器组成，由定制的前端电子集成电路读出。由于其减少的材料预算和优化的分割是距光束线距离的函数，因此在降低假轨道速率以及在偶极磁铁的残留场中提供快速动量测量方面起着至关重要的作用。更广泛的影响这项工作的更广泛影响范围跨越了几个领域。本科生和研究生将是将要构建的检测器的建设和测试的直接参与者。多年来，稳定的本科生和研究生一直在PIS的实验室工作，这是确保研究生具有硬件经验和数据分析功能的传统。升级工作将集成到Syracuse Quarknet计划中，以涉及高中老师及其一些更好的学生。该检测器的测试结果将在会议上讨论并发布。该检测器是LHCB升级的组成部分，对于LHCB继续产生最先进的物理结果至关重要。