Collaborative Research: Reconciliation Between In-situ and Remote Sensing Analyses

合作研究：现场和遥感分析之间的协调

• 批准号: 1433086
• 负责人: Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla
• 金额: $ 25.31万
• 依托单位: Catholic University of America
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1433086&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconciliation; Between; situ

Eruptions on the Sun eject clouds of electrically charged gas and strong magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections into space. Some of these clouds are harmless while others can penetrate into and disrupt the space environment around Earth in space weather events called geomagnetic storms. Understanding the solar disturbances that produce storms is important because severe space weather can damage satellites orbiting around Earth, endanger astronauts, and even disrupt power grids on the Earth?s surface. Accurate forecasting of strong magnetic storms is hindered by the fact that the features of a coronal mass ejection observed near the Sun do not remain constant but continually evolve as it moves through the background heliosphere on its way to Earth even interacting with other solar disturbances and with large scale magnetic fields and plasma structures in interplanetary space. Major storms have occurred due to changes in the structure of the coronal mass ejection during its propagation to Earth. In an effort to understand and eventually better predict the impacts of coronal mass ejections on the Earth?s space environment, this project takes a detailed look at the changes in the characteristics of coronal mass ejections as they move through the heliosphere, and at the physical mechanisms responsible for those changes, by combining remote-sensing and in-situ observations and comparing to large scale simulations. As an outcome of the project, a large database of events and associated observations will be made available online for the broader scientific community. Results will be disseminated in scientific publications, and through presentations at workshops and conferences. The project supports the training of a post doctoral researcher who will be based at the University of New Hampshire but will spend time working with co-investigators at both NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Naval Research Laboratory. Support of this postdoctoral researcher also serves to broaden the participation of an underrepresented group in a STEM field. In addition, the project will contribute to the training of an undergraduate student each year during the summer months through involvement in high-impact research at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.This project takes advantage of a suite of satellites currently observing the inner heliosphere with remote-sensing and in-situ instruments to answer fundamental questions about transient solar disturbances (in particular, coronal mass ejections) and how they change during propagation. These satellites include Wind, ACE, Messenger, STEREO, SOHO, and SDO. Remote-sensing instruments view the coronal mass ejection as it lifts off the Sun while in-situ instruments measure its internal structure as it sweeps by on its way outward through the heliosphere. The characteristics of coronal mass ejections are inferred from each type of measurement using previously tested models. A key requirement is a consistent and robust methodology for combining these two very different types of data, which will be applied to some 100 events. As part of the development of the methodology, the discrepancies in the inferred characteristics of the coronal mass ejection from the various data sources will be reconciled. When combined with large-scale magnetohydrodynamic simulations a study of the underlying physical mechanisms will be made albeit restricted to a limited number of these cases. Issues to be investigated include: the identification of unclear solar sources, undefined expansion rates, evidence of longitudinal/latitudinal deflections in the propagation, evidence for modifications of the coronal mass ejection due to collisions with solar wind structures or other transient events, and identification of magnetic flux-rope rotations.

太阳喷出电动气体和强磁场的云云称为冠状质量弹射到太空中。 这些云中的一些是无害的，而另一些云则可以渗透并破坏地球周围的太空环境，称为地磁风暴。了解产生暴风雨的太阳干扰很重要，因为严重的太空天气会损坏围绕地球，危害宇航员绕过地球的卫星，甚至破坏地球表面上的电网。在太阳附近观察到的冠状质量弹出的特征阻碍了对强磁风暴的准确预测，这并不能保持恒定，而是在与其他太阳能障碍和大规模磁场和等离子结构相互作用的过程中不断发展。 由于冠状质量喷射在地球传播过程中的结构变化，发生了重大风暴。为了理解并最终更好地预测冠状动脉质量对地球空间环境的影响，该项目详细介绍了冠状质量弹出的特征的变化，它们在地球层中移动时，以及通过将这些变化的物理机制进行的，通过结合遥感和内在的观察和对大规模观察和比较大规模模拟。 作为该项目的结果，将在线提供大量事件和相关观察结果的大量数据库。 结果将通过科学出版物以及在研讨会和会议上的演讲中传播。 该项目支持将在新罕布什尔大学任职的博士后研究员的培训，但将花时间与NASA Goddard太空飞行中心和海军研究实验室的共同投资者合作。 该博士后研究人员的支持还可以扩大代表性不足的小组在STEM领域的参与。 In addition, the project will contribute to the training of an undergraduate student each year during the summer months through involvement in high-impact research at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.This project takes advantage of a suite of satellites currently observing the inner heliosphere with remote-sensing and in-situ instruments to answer fundamental questions about transient solar disturbances (in particular, coronal mass ejections) and how they change during propagation.这些卫星包括风，ACE，Messenger，Stereo，Soho和SDO。 遥感仪器会在冠状质量弹出仪上升空阳光，而原位仪器在扫地时测量其内部结构，从而在其向外穿过地球层的路上进行测量。 使用先前测试的模型从每种类型的测量中推断出冠状质量弹出的特征。一个关键要求是将这两种非常不同类型的数据组合到大约100个事件中的一致且强大的方法。作为该方法发展的一部分，将核对冠状质量弹出的推断特征的差异。 当与大规模磁性水动力模拟结合使用时，尽管将其研究限制在有限的情况下，但将进行对潜在物理机制的研究。待研究的问题包括：鉴定不明确的太阳能源，不确定的扩展率，传播中纵向/纬度偏转的证据，由于与太阳能风结构相关的冠状质量射出的证据，证明了与太阳能风结构或其他瞬态事件相关的冠状质量射出的证据，以及磁通量转移的识别。