Attentional lookups as a measure of reasoning and motivation

注意力查找作为推理和动机的衡量标准

基本信息

批准号：
1425062
负责人：
Isabelle Brocas
金额：
$ 49.9万
依托单位：
University of Southern California
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1425062&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Attentional lookups measure reasoning motivation

项目摘要

Most of our everyday decisions involve interactions with others. Those decisions result from our intrinsic motivations and our ability to reason and develop strategies. However, motivations and reasoning cannot be directly observed and it is usually difficult to infer cognitive choice processes from behavior itself. As a result, little is known about how we make decisions in strategic settings. Even less is known about the developmental trajectories of strategic decision-making from childhood to adulthood or, more broadly, the ability to develop strategies with repeated exposure. The objective of this project is to use novel methods to reveal the information people attend to before making choices, as an indirect measure of what people care and reason about. We also propose to explore differences in reasoning and to assess how strategies are learnt by comparing both the choices and the information attended by children vs. adults and by inexperienced vs. experienced (e.g. professional) players.Many experiments have shown that people are typically limited in the extent to which they think strategically. Other experiments have demonstrated that decisions are not always driven by purely selfish motives. We propose to advance the understanding of the reasoning and motivations in strategic interactions by measuring both the information people attend to, and the choices they make. We will conduct three sets of experiments related to three environments in which anomalous behavior has been well documented (dynamic mutual trust games, dominance solvable games and dictatorial allocation mechanisms) and use a ?Mousetracking? technique to collect attentional data. By relating attention to choice, we will be able to better identify the theory that provides the best description of strategic decision-making in those environments. By comparing attention and behavior across populations, we will be able to assess how the ability to strategize develops and is learnt through exposure.

我们的大多数日常决策都涉及与他人的互动。这些决定是由于我们的内在动机以及我们推理和制定策略的能力。但是，无法直接观察动机和推理，通常很难从行为本身中推断出认知选择过程。结果，我们如何在战略环境中做出决策知之甚少。关于从童年到成年的战略决策制定的发展轨迹，或更广泛地是通过反复暴露开发策略的能力的知之甚少。该项目的目的是使用新颖的方法来揭示人们在做出选择之前的信息，作为对人们关心和理性的间接度量。我们还建议通过比较儿童与成年人和经验不足的经验与经验（例如专业）参与者的选择和信息来探索推理的差异，并评估如何学习策略。许多实验表明，人们通常在战略性地思考的程度上受到限制。其他实验表明，决策并不总是由纯粹的自私动机驱动。我们建议通过衡量人们所参与的信息及其做出的选择来提高对战略互动中推理和动机的理解。我们将进行三组与三种环境相关的实验，在这些实验中，已经有充分记录的异常行为（动态相互信任游戏，可解决的主导性游戏和独裁分配机制）并使用“ mousetracking”？收集注意数据的技术。通过将注意力与选择联系起来，我们将能够更好地确定在这些环境中最佳描述战略决策的理论。通过比较跨人群的注意力和行为，我们将能够评估制定战略能力发展的能力并通过曝光来学习。