Collaborative Research: Arctic Temperature Amplification during the Middle Pliocene (ArcAMP): Assessing the Interaction Among Feedback Mechanisms

合作研究：上新世中期北极温度放大（ArcAMP）：评估反馈机制之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 1418421
• 负责人: Ashley Ballantyne
• 金额: $ 30.08万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-10-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1418421&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; Temperature; Amplification

The Arctic is currently warming faster than anywhere else on Earth. This so-called Arctic Amplification of surface temperatures is well documented; however, the various feedback mechanisms and how they co-operate to amplify arctic temperatures remain uncertain. Important clues for solving some of these fundamental climate questions regarding arctic amplification may be found during the Pliocene (2.6 to 5.3 million years ago), which is the last time in Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were comparable to modern concentrations of about 400 ppm, and yet arctic temperatures were 10 to 20 degrees C warmer. This project investigates the interactions among terrestrial feedback mechanisms during the Pliocene and their role in amplifying arctic surface temperatures. In particular, it investigates the net radiative forcing of vegetation albedo, atmospheric water vapor, and black carbon emitted from fire on the arctic climate system. This will be accomplished by conducting high-resolution reconstructions of past temperatures, atmospheric CO2, and fire for three high arctic sites that have been recently well-dated by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides. To disentangle how these processes may have been interacting to amplify arctic temperatures, a series of climate experiments will be conducted using the Community Earth System Model.

目前，北极的变暖比地球上其他任何地方都要快。 表面温度的这种所谓的北极扩增已得到充分的文献证明。但是，各种反馈机制及其如何合作以扩大北极温度仍然不确定。在上新世（2.6至530万年前）可以找到解决有关北极扩增的一些基本气候问题的重要线索，这是地球历史上最后一次大气二氧化碳浓度与现代浓度相当，而现代浓度约为400 ppm，但北极温度为10至20摄氏度。该项目研究了上新世期间陆地反馈机制之间的相互作用及其在增大北极表面温度中的作用。 特别是，它调查了植被反照率，大气水蒸气以及北极气候系统中火的黑碳的净辐射强迫。这将通过对过去温度，大气中的二氧化碳和火灾进行高分辨率重建，以实现三个高北极部位的火灾，这些地点最近已经通过陆地宇宙核素良好。 为了解散这些过程如何相互作用以扩大北极温度，将使用社区地球系统模型进行一系列气候实验。