Collaborative Research: Reconstruction of Carbon Monoxide in the Pre-Industrial Arctic Atmosphere from Ice Cores at Summit, Greenland

合作研究：利用格陵兰岛峰会冰芯重建前工业化北极大气中的一氧化碳

• 批准号: 1406236
• 负责人: Vasilii Petrenko
• 金额: $ 23.14万
• 依托单位: University of Rochester
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1406236&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconstruction; Carbon; Monoxide

The main goal of the proposed work is to provide the first reliable record of pre-industrial carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and stable isotope composition in the Arctic atmosphere, which would also be representative of a large part of the Northern Hemisphere. Carbon monoxide concentrations are a crucial component of any complete modern or past atmospheric data set because CO plays a key role in global atmospheric chemistry by being the largest single sink of hydroxyl radicals in the lower atmosphere. Carbon monoxide concentration in combination with stable isotopes is also a powerful tracer for large-scale biomass burning variations. Pre-industrial carbon monoxide concentration in the northern hemisphere (where anthropogenic impacts have been by far the strongest) is poorly characterized, with prior measurements made using an older technique in the 1990s on only a few samples from one ice core. No published carbon monoxide isotope measurements from northern hemisphere ice cores are currently available. The investigators propose to collect a new large diameter ice core near Summit, Greenland using the Blue Ice Drill (BID), providing ice from 80 to 170 meters depth (air age from about 1960 to about 1600 AD). Continuous measurements of carbon monoxide concentration would provide a high-resolution record over the entire ice core and identify ice layers where carbon monoxide is well preserved. High-precision discrete analyses of carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition would then target ice from these layers. Continuous analyses of trace chemistry and discrete analyses of trace organics would also be conducted to establish the ice core chronology and improve understanding of mechanisms of in situ carbon monoxide production in ice. Atmospheric histories for carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition would be derived using a combination of firn-ice gas transport and inverse models, and the implications for pre-industrial carbon monoxide budget would be investigated with the use of a climate-chemistry model. The proposed approach maximizes the chance of obtaining a reliable history of carbon monoxide concentration and isotopic composition through careful site selection and the application of novel ice drilling and analytical techniques. Results from the study will be made available to the scientific community and the general public through the NSIDC and NOAA Paleoclimatology data centers. The work will contribute to the training of two graduate and 2 undergraduate students, support an early career investigator, and establish several new collaborations among the investigators. The investigators have a strong history of and commitment to scientific outreach in the forms of media interviews, participation in educational films, as well as speaking to schools and the public about their research, and will continue these activities as part of the proposed work.

拟议工作的主要目标是提供北极大气中工业化前一氧化碳（CO）浓度和稳定同位素组成的第一份可靠记录，这也代表了北半球的大部分地区。一氧化碳浓度是任何完整的现代或过去大气数据集的重要组成部分，因为二氧化碳是低层大气中最大的羟基自由基单一汇，在全球大气化学中发挥着关键作用。一氧化碳浓度与稳定同位素的结合也是大规模生物质燃烧变化的有力示踪剂。北半球工业化前的一氧化碳浓度（这里的人为影响迄今为止最为强烈）的特征很少，之前使用 20 世纪 90 年代的旧技术仅对一个冰芯的几个样本进行了测量。目前尚未公布北半球冰芯的一氧化碳同位素测量结果。研究人员建议使用蓝冰钻机（BID）在格陵兰岛萨米特附近收集一个新的大直径冰芯，提供80至170米深度的冰（空气年龄从大约公元1960年到大约1600年）。对一氧化碳浓度的连续测量将为整个冰芯提供高分辨率记录，并识别一氧化碳保存完好的冰层。然后，对一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成进行高精度离散分析，以这些层中的冰为目标。还将进行痕量化学的连续分析和痕量有机物的离散分析，以建立冰芯年代学并增进对冰中一氧化碳原位产生机制的理解。一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成的大气历史将使用冰冰气体传输和逆模型的组合得出，并且将使用气候化学模型研究对工业化前一氧化碳预算的影响。所提出的方法通过仔细的地点选择和新型冰钻和分析技术的应用，最大限度地提高了获得一氧化碳浓度和同位素组成的可靠历史的机会。该研究的结果将通过 NSIDC 和 NOAA 古气候学数据中心提供给科学界和公众。这项工作将有助于培训两名研究生和两名本科生，支持一名早期职业调查员，并在调查员之间建立一些新的合作。研究人员在通过媒体采访、参与教育电影以及向学校和公众讲述他们的研究等形式进行科学推广方面有着悠久的历史和承诺，并将继续这些活动作为拟议工作的一部分。