Astrophysical Studies of Quark Deconfinement

夸克解禁闭的天体物理学研究

• 批准号: 1411708
• 负责人: Fridolin Weber
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: San Diego State University Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-15 至 2018-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1411708&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Astrophysical; Studies; Quark; Deconfinement

This project concerns the theoretical exploration of the properties of strongly interacting matter at ultra-high densities (10 to 20 times denser than atomic nuclei) and temperatures (several hundred billion degrees). It is generally accepted by the scientific community that the universe was filled with super-dense matter shortly after the Big Bang. Super-dense matter continues to be created in the final stages of catastrophic stellar events, such as core-collapse supernovae and gamma-ray bursts, and it may be present deep inside the cores of collapsed stars, known as neutron stars. Neutron stars are typically about 20 kilometers across and spin rapidly, often making many hundred of rotations per second. A thimble full of neutron star matter would have a mass of one billion tons! At such extraordinary conditions atoms themselves collapse, and atomic nuclei are squeezed so tightly together that new fundamental particles are generated and novel states of matter are created. This makes neutron stars, and the catastrophic stellar events creating them, into excellent astrophysical laboratories for a wide range of physical studies, which are addressed in this project. Theoretical predictions concerning the equation of state of matter under these extreme conditions can be used to compare the results of simulations with observational data accumulating rapidly from both orbiting and ground based observatories spanning the radiation spectrum from X-rays to radio wavelengths.This project focuses on the role of quark deconfinement for (proto) neutron stars and core-collapse supernova events, using a state-of-the-art (non-local 3-flavor Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio, n3PNJL) model for the description of quark matter. The n3PNJL model accounts for the dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry and mimics quark confinement via the Polyakov loop potential. In recent years, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model has become the workhorse for various studies in theoretical nuclear physics, as it provides a very versatile and numerically treatable approach to the theory of the strong interaction (quantum chromodynamics, QCD). This research will consists of five intertwined activities concerning (1) the equation of state of cold quark-hybrid matter; (2) color superconductivity treated in the framework of the n3PNJL model; (3) quark deconfinement in (proto) neutron stars; (4) the properties of a quark-hadron Coulomb lattice that may exist in the cores of neutron stars; and (5) the role of quark deconfinement for core-collapse supernovae. The best available data from heavy ion collisions and neutron star observations will be used to impose the strongest possible constraints on the equation of state that will be developed in the framework of this research project. The equations of state will be made available to the wider nuclear and astrophysics community to explore the birth, structure and evolution of (proto) neutron stars and the events which create them.

该项目涉及对超高密度（比原子核的10至20倍）和温度（数百万度）强烈相互作用物质的特性的理论探索。科学界普遍认为，大爆炸后不久，宇宙充满了超密集的物质。超密集的物质继续在灾难性恒星事件的最后阶段创建，例如核心浪潮超新星和伽马射线爆发，并且可能存在于倒塌的恒星岩心内，称为中子星。中子恒星通常约20公里，并且迅速旋转，通常每秒进行数百个旋转。充满中子星的顶针将有十亿吨的质量！在这种非凡的条件下，原子本身会崩溃，原子核被紧密地挤压在一起，以至于产生了新的基本颗粒并产生了新的物质状态。这使中子星成为了灾难性的恒星事件，使它们成为了出色的天体实验室，以进行广泛的物理研究，这在该项目中得到了解决。 Theoretical predictions concerning the equation of state of matter under these extreme conditions can be used to compare the results of simulations with observational data accumulating rapidly from both orbiting and ground based observatories spanning the radiation spectrum from X-rays to radio wavelengths.This project focuses on the role of quark deconfinement for (proto) neutron stars and core-collapse supernova events, using a state-of-the-art (non-local 3Foravor Polyakov-nambu-Jona-lasinio，n3pnjl）模型，用于描述夸克物质。 N3PNJL模型解释了手性对称性和模仿夸克通过Polyakov环电位的动态破裂。近年来，Nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型已成为理论核物理学各种研究的主力，因为它为强相互作用理论（量子染色体动力学，QCD）提供了一种非常多功能且具有数值治疗的方法。这项研究将由五个关于（1）冷夸克杂种物质状态方程的交织活动组成； （2）在N3PNJL模型的框架中处理的颜色超导性； （3）（原始）中子恒星中的夸克脱糊化； （4）可能存在于中子恒星岩心中的夸克 - 锤子库仑晶格的性质； （5）夸克解次核心超新星的作用。重离子碰撞和中子星观测的最佳可用数据将用于对本研究项目框架中将开发的状态方程式最大可能的约束。国家方程将提供给更广泛的核和天体物理学界，以探索（原始）中子星的出生，结构和演变以及创造它们的事件。

项目成果

Neutrino Emissivity in the Quark-Hadron Mixed Phase

夸克-强子混合相中的中微子发射率

• DOI: 10.3390/universe4050064
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Universe
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Spinella, William;Weber, Fridolin;Orsaria, Milva;Contrera, Gustavo
• 通讯作者: Contrera, Gustavo

Cooling of hypernuclear compact stars

超核致密星的冷却

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx3318
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Raduta, Adriana R;Sedrakian, Armen;Weber, Fridolin
• 通讯作者: Weber, Fridolin

Color superconductivity in compact stellar hybrid configurations

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.96.065807
• 发表时间: 2017-12
• 期刊: Physical Review C
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: I. F. Ranea-Sandoval;M. Orsaria;Sophia Han;F. Weber;W. Spinella