Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant Tolerance

用于海水淡化的赝电容和插层化合物：表面化学、电极结构和耐污性

• 批准号: 1403826
• 负责人: Meagan Mauter
• 金额: $ 34.52万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1403826&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pseudocapacitive; Intercalation; Compounds; Water; Desalination

PROPOSAL NO.: 1403826PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mauter, MeaganINSTITUTION NAME: Carnegie-Mellon UniversityTITLE: Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant ToleranceNSF RECEIVE DATE: 10/29/2013With only 0.03% of the world's water is suitable potable water for human use, the need for clean water is a current concern that can only become more urgent in the future. While much of the attention has been on desalination of seawater into potable water, the ability to desalinate brackish/briny water (~0.5 to 30 ppt salt) efficiently would be a significant option for water reclamation. If successful, there should be positive economic and water-resource impact of desalination of brackish water, which affects most the in-land water desalination efforts in agricultural, municipal water, and wastewater treatment, where the high recovery rates of capacitive desalination processes are particularly attractive and where post-treatment, or brine disposal, makes low-recovery membrane-based systems expensive. In terms of educational impact, the PI and co-PI will develop an introductory course that focuses on water and energy, integrating engineering and social sociopolitical perspectives (both PI and co-PI hold joint appointments in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy). In addition, the PI and co-PI will incorporate the proposed research into teaching and outreach through participating in the Pittsburgh Water Economy Network and the NAS/NAE Science and Engineering Ambassador Program.Capacitive de-ionization (CDI), whereby charged species are captured by porous electrodes and then released into a waste stream, is a promising approach for desalination of brackish water; but the technology is limited by the low efficiency of the cation/anion removal cycle and by the tendency of the electrodes to foul. This proposal seeks to replace existing carbon electrode structures with new composite electrode structures that exhibit pseudo-capacitive and/or fast intercalation properties, where the materials quickly capture and release ions from weak faradic reactions. These electrodes will be able to access electrochemical reactions that are significantly denser, from a charge accumulation perspective, thereby allowing for thinner, more efficient electrode structures that are also less susceptible to diminished performance under fouled conditions. The PIs will first select viable candidate materials and evaluate their interfacial charge and ion transfer mechanisms in a relevant pseudocapacitive deionization (PDI) environment. They will then characterize the impact of PDI particle and electrode macro/meso-structures on the performance observed for PDI reactions, followed by evaluations of the performance of PDI surfaces in the presence of model colloidal foul ants, since electrode fouling by colloids and bacteria severely diminishes the ion adsorption capacity of conventional CDI electrodes.

提案编号：1403826 主要研究员：Mauter, Meagan 机构名称：卡内基梅隆大学 标题：用于水淡化的赝电容和插层化合物：表面化学、电极结构和污垢耐受性 NSF 接收日期：2013 年 10 月 29 日 世界上只有 0.03% 的水是合适的人类使用的饮用水，对清洁水的需求是当前的一个问题，而且在未来只会变得更加紧迫。虽然大部分注意力都集中在将海水淡化成饮用水上，但有效淡化咸水/咸水（约 0.5 至 30 ppt 盐）的能力将是水回收的重要选择。如果成功，苦咸水淡化应该会对经济和水资源产生积极的影响，这对农业、市政用水和废水处理领域的内陆海水淡化工作影响最大，其中电容式海水淡化工艺的高回收率尤其重要。有吸引力，但后处理或盐水处理会使低回收率的膜系统变得昂贵。在教育影响方面，PI和共同PI将开发一门入门课程，重点关注水和能源，整合工程和社会社会政治观点（PI和共同PI在工程和公共政策系共同任职）。此外，PI 和 co-PI 将通过参加匹兹堡水经济网络和 NAS/NAE 科学与工程大使计划，将拟议的研究纳入教学和推广。 电容去离子 (CDI)，通过捕获带电物质通过多孔电极，然后释放到废水流中，是一种有前途的苦咸水淡化方法；但该技术受到阳离子/阴离子去除循环效率低以及电极容易结垢的限制。该提案旨在用新的复合电极结构取代现有的碳电极结构，这些结构表现出赝电容和/或快速嵌入特性，其中材料快速捕获和释放弱法拉第反应中的离子。从电荷积累的角度来看，这些电极将能够进行更密集的电化学反应，从而实现更薄、更高效的电极结构，并且在污染条件下也不易受到性能下降的影响。 PI 将首先选择可行的候选材料，并在相关的赝电容去离子 (PDI) 环境中评估其界面电荷和离子转移机制。然后，他们将描述 PDI 颗粒和电极宏观/细观结构对 PDI 反应观察到的性能的影响，然后评估在模型胶体污垢蚂蚁存在的情况下 PDI 表面的性能，因为电极被胶体和细菌严重污染。降低了传统 CDI 电极的离子吸附能力。