II-EN: Ensayo II: An Enhanced Virtual Emergency Operation Center (EOC) for Research and Training in Disaster Management

II-EN：Ensayo II：用于灾害管理研究和培训的增强型虚拟应急操作中心 (EOC)

• 批准号: 1405912
• 负责人: Gregory Madey
• 金额: $ 57.75万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1405912&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: II; EN; Ensayo; Enhanced; Virtual

When disasters occur, they can severely impact the health and disrupt the continuity of communities. Emergency operations centers (EOCs) are temporary organizations that emerge to respond to disasters by bringing together dozens of private and public organizations to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate to ensure the continuity of the community. They have primary responsibility for public safety under the guidelines of the National Incident Management System (NIMS). Yet, EOCs are rarely engaged outside of a disaster situation, so there is little empirical data to provide insight into their processes and performance to support improvements. Observational research on such events is difficult; experimental research is even more difficult. The goal of this infrastructure enhancement project is to further develop an organizational simulation of an EOC, called Ensayo, that reflects a wide variety of EOC forms. The goal of Ensayo is not to model a disaster, but to model the organization that responds to a disaster. The simulation will be based on an initial prototype and developed with the collaboration of the the Miami-Dade Office of Emergency Management and partners in its EOC. Ensayo affords not only a research tool for academics, but also a resource for education, training and policy analysis for communities of practice who engage in an emergency operations event.Ensayo II will be a reformulation and elaboration of the Ensayo infrastructure developed with prior NSF funding, based on experiences with the earlier project. The project has four major goals. First, Ensayo II will evolve the architecture and functionality of Ensayo. Experience with Ensayo has revealed the importance of crossing disciplinary boundaries (cognitive science, human-computer interaction, computer science, organizational science, systems engineering) in order to understand, model, and support the complexities of an emergency management decision-making structure. Second, the system will incorporate new collaboration and communication elements that are now found in EOCs. For example, Miami-Dade was one of the first to formally address and integrate into their structure a business recovery function. Third, the system will support informational and decision modeling and tracking. Entities in an EOC are generally guided by specific rules of communication and authority, both from within and without. Tracking (or simulating) decisions and information flow under various organizational stressors can provide unique predictive and explanatory insights into the social dynamics of EOC structures. Finally, the project will move from a prototype to an enhanced, operational research infrastructure that can be deployed as a core, open-source project. Through Ensayo II's improved infrastructure, researchers can investigate EOC structures in situ and probe the micro-mechanisms that underlie EOC choices impacting business and society.

当灾难发生时，它们会严重影响健康并破坏社区的连续性。紧急运营中心（EOC）是临时组织，通过召集数十个私人和公共组织来沟通，协调和协作以确保社区的连续性来应对灾难。根据国家事件管理系统（NIMS）的指南，他们对公共安全负有主要责任。然而，EOC很少在灾难情况之外参与，因此几乎没有经验数据可以洞悉其过程和绩效以支持改进。关于此类事件的观察研究很困难。实验研究更加困难。该基础架构增强项目的目标是进一步开发一个称为Ensayo的EOC的组织模拟，该模拟反映了各种EOC形式。 Ensayo的目的不是为灾难建模，而是建模对灾难做出反应的组织。该模拟将基于最初的原型，并根据迈阿密戴德（Miami-Dade）紧急管理办公室和EOC合作伙伴的合作而开发。 Ensayo不仅为学术界提供了研究工具，还提供了从事紧急操作活动的实践社区的教育，培训和政策分析的资源。根据与早期项目的经验，将对先前的NSF资金开发的Ensayo基础设施进行重新制定和阐述。该项目有四个主要目标。首先，Ensayo II将发展Ensayo的架构和功能。 Ensayo的经验揭示了穿越学科边界（认知科学，人类计算机互动，计算机科学，组织科学，系统工程）的重要性，以了解紧急管理决策结构的复杂性。其次，该系统将结合现在在EOC中找到的新的协作和通信元素。例如，迈阿密戴德（Miami-Dade）是最早正式解决并集成到其结构的业务恢复功能的人之一。第三，该系统将支持信息和决策建模和跟踪。 EOC中的实体通常以内部和无特定的沟通和权威规则为指导。在各种组织压力源下的跟踪（或模拟）决策和信息流可以为EOC结构的社会动态提供独特的预测和解释性见解。最后，该项目将从原型转变为可以将其部署为核心开源项目的增强，运营研究基础架构。通过Ensayo II的改进基础设施，研究人员可以原位调查EOC结构，并探究影响业务和社会的EOC选择的微观机制。