Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant Tolerance

用于海水淡化的赝电容和插层化合物：表面化学、电极结构和耐污性

• 批准号: 1403826
• 负责人: Meagan Mauter
• 金额: $ 34.52万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1403826&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pseudocapacitive; Intercalation; Compounds; Water; Desalination

PROPOSAL NO.: 1403826PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Mauter, MeaganINSTITUTION NAME: Carnegie-Mellon UniversityTITLE: Pseudocapacitive and Intercalation Compounds for Water Desalination: Surface Chemistry, Electrode Structure and Foulant ToleranceNSF RECEIVE DATE: 10/29/2013With only 0.03% of the world's water is suitable potable water for human use, the need for clean water is a current concern that can only become more urgent in the future. While much of the attention has been on desalination of seawater into potable water, the ability to desalinate brackish/briny water (~0.5 to 30 ppt salt) efficiently would be a significant option for water reclamation. If successful, there should be positive economic and water-resource impact of desalination of brackish water, which affects most the in-land water desalination efforts in agricultural, municipal water, and wastewater treatment, where the high recovery rates of capacitive desalination processes are particularly attractive and where post-treatment, or brine disposal, makes low-recovery membrane-based systems expensive. In terms of educational impact, the PI and co-PI will develop an introductory course that focuses on water and energy, integrating engineering and social sociopolitical perspectives (both PI and co-PI hold joint appointments in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy). In addition, the PI and co-PI will incorporate the proposed research into teaching and outreach through participating in the Pittsburgh Water Economy Network and the NAS/NAE Science and Engineering Ambassador Program.Capacitive de-ionization (CDI), whereby charged species are captured by porous electrodes and then released into a waste stream, is a promising approach for desalination of brackish water; but the technology is limited by the low efficiency of the cation/anion removal cycle and by the tendency of the electrodes to foul. This proposal seeks to replace existing carbon electrode structures with new composite electrode structures that exhibit pseudo-capacitive and/or fast intercalation properties, where the materials quickly capture and release ions from weak faradic reactions. These electrodes will be able to access electrochemical reactions that are significantly denser, from a charge accumulation perspective, thereby allowing for thinner, more efficient electrode structures that are also less susceptible to diminished performance under fouled conditions. The PIs will first select viable candidate materials and evaluate their interfacial charge and ion transfer mechanisms in a relevant pseudocapacitive deionization (PDI) environment. They will then characterize the impact of PDI particle and electrode macro/meso-structures on the performance observed for PDI reactions, followed by evaluations of the performance of PDI surfaces in the presence of model colloidal foul ants, since electrode fouling by colloids and bacteria severely diminishes the ion adsorption capacity of conventional CDI electrodes.

提议号：1403826原理研究员：莫特（Mauter），Meaganinstitution名称：Carnegie-Mellon UniversityTitle：伪造和互插的水化合物化合物的化合物：表面化学，电极结构，电极结构，电极结构和此大这只会在将来变得更加紧迫。尽管大部分关注是将海水脱盐为饮用水，但有效地淡化咸水/咸水（〜0.5至30 ppt盐）的能力将是水回收的重要选择。如果成功的话，咸水脱盐的影响应该会产生积极的经济和水资源的影响，这会影响大多数在农业，市政水和废水处理中的陆上水脱盐工作，在这种情况下，电容性脱盐过程的高回收率尤其有吸引力，在培训后或培训后，或者在培训后，或者在培训后，或者使基于碳水化合物的系统销量较低。在教育影响方面，PI和Co-Pi将开发一个介绍性课程，重点是水和能源，整合工程和社会社会政治观点（PI和Co-Pi在工程和公共政策部门都共同任命）。此外，PI和Co-Pi将通过参加匹兹堡水经济网络和NAS/NAE Science and Engineering Ambassador计划来纳入拟议的教学和宣传研究研究。能力消除式（CDI），从而被多孔电极捕获，然后被多孔电极捕获，然后释放到浪费中，是一种浪费，是一种浪费的方法，是一种有希望的毛毛，贵族的牛油;但是，该技术受到阳离子/阴离子去除周期的低效率以及电极犯规的趋势的限制。该提案旨在用具有伪胶囊和/或快速插入特性的新的复合电极结构代替现有的碳电极结构，其中材料迅速从弱法拉多反应中捕获和释放离子。这些电极将能够访问从电荷积累的角度明显浓缩的电化学反应，从而允许在污染条件下较薄，更有效的电极结构较薄，更有效的电极结构。 PIS将首先选择可行的候选材料，并在相关的假性脱位（PDI）环境中评估其界面电荷和离子转移机制。然后，它们将表征PDI粒子和电极宏/中介结构对PDI反应的性能的影响，然后在存在模型胶体犯规蚂蚁的情况下对PDI表面的性能进行评估，因为胶体和细菌的电极犯规严重降低了胶体和细菌的差异。