Collaborative Research: Nearshore larval transport: physical and biological processes

合作研究：近岸幼虫运输：物理和生物过程

• 批准号: 1357290
• 负责人: Jesus Pineda
• 金额: $ 55.5万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-15 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Nearshore; larval; transport

Overview: This study will provide essential knowledge required for management of coastal resources. This study addresses near shore cross-shore larval transport processes that operate over wide geographic areas in open coast settings, namely larval transport by wave circulation / Stokes drift, and by internal tidal bores. Larval transport by wave circulation / Stokes drift is a ubiquitous process that has not been studied observationally, and it is not known how internal tidal bores deliver larvae to intertidal habitats. This project will examine near shore (region between 20 m depth and intertidal) physical and biological processes that account for the delivery of larvae to adult habitats. The study system in Southern California shares similarities with most other temperate areas and we will study marine taxa that are widely distributed and successful in a variety of environments.Intellectual Merit: Recent studies suggest that larval transport in the near shore zone plays a central role in larval dispersal and connectivity of shallow water species. These recent advances, however, have not been matched with process-oriented studies addressing circulation and behavioral processes at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales, and only a few larval transport mechanisms have been considered for near shore open coastlines. Recent advances in our understanding of hydrodynamic processes driving cross-shore flows and growing awareness of the importance of the processes to larval transport, however, make this study timely. The investigators hypothesize that a series of physical and biological events results in the delivery of invertebrate larvae to the intertidal habitat. These events include physical transport due to wave circulation / Stokes drift near the surface and internal tide circulation near the bottom, alteration of behavior for terminal larval stages, and larval use of "adaptive" behavioral responses to exploit event-dependent flows. Further, they suggest that the predominance of wave circulation / Stokes drift and internal tide circulation varies seasonally, with internal tidal bores important in spring/summer, when the water column is well-stratified, and wave circulation / Stokes drift more pervasive in fall/winter, coinciding with winter storms. The hypotheses in this study will be tested with estimates of physical transport, larval supply and settlement. These measurements will be combined with use of adaptive sampling to test the dependence of larval vertical distribution on changes in hydrodynamic conditions.Broader Impacts: Results from this study will have important ecological implications as wave circulation / Stokes drift and internal motions may represent critical and regular transport mechanisms for larvae of marine organisms that must return to near shore habitats to complete their life cycle, thereby impacting population connectivity and management strategies used by coastal planners (e.g., ecosystem-based fisheries management, placement of Marine Protected Areas). The investigators will disseminate their results to the public through lectures and the development of a website. Furthermore, this project has a strong educational component, involving undergraduate and/or graduate students from two institutions (WHOI and University of San Diego). The research will be integrated into courses taught by all co-PIs at their respective institutions, but an integral component of this research is to enhance student experiential learning with cutting-edge research experiences at USD (a liberal-arts university). Sampling as part of this project will be incorporated into a field-based Marine Community Ecology course for upper-division undergraduates and students will be required to participate in at least one research cruise. The investigators also plan to offer competitive undergraduate student stipends for summer research at USD. To disseminate results, participants will be required to participate in the annual Undergraduate Research Conference, highlighting student-faculty interactions held at USD.

概述：这项研究将提供沿海资源管理所需的基本知识。这项研究介绍了在开放沿海环境中在广泛地理区域运行的岸边跨国幼虫运输过程，即通过波循环 / stokes漂移以及内部潮汐孔的幼虫运输。通过波循环 / Stokes漂移的幼虫运输是一个无处不在的过程，尚未在观察上进行研究，尚不清楚内部潮汐孔如何将幼虫传递到潮间带的栖息地。该项目将检查近距离（20 m深度和潮间带）的物理和生物学过程，这些过程解释了幼虫向成人栖息地的传递。南加州的研究系统与大多数其他温带地区具有相似性，我们将研究在各种环境中广泛分布和成功的海洋分类单元。智能优点：最近的研究表明，近海岸地区的幼虫运输在浅水物种的幼虫分散和连接性中起着核心作用。然而，这些最近的进步尚未与针对过程的过程的研究相匹配，该研究解决了适当的时间和空间尺度的循环和行为过程，仅考虑了近海岸开放式海岸线的少数幼虫运输机制。然而，我们对流体动力学过程的理解的最新进展以及人们对过程对幼虫运输的重要性的认识越来越及时，使这项研究及时。研究人员假设一系列的物理和生物事件导致无脊椎动物幼虫传递到潮间带栖息地。这些事件包括由于波动循环 / Stokes在表面附近漂移而引起的物理运输，底部附近的内部潮汐循环，终末幼虫阶段的行为改变以及幼体使用“适应性”行为反应以利用事件依赖性流动。此外，他们表明，波循环 /斯托克斯漂移和内部潮汐循环的优势在季节变化，当水柱被良好地分层时，内部潮汐孔在春季 /夏季重要，并且波循环 /斯托克斯在秋季 /冬季更加普遍，与冬季风暴相吻合。这项研究中的假设将通过估计物理运输，幼虫供应和定居点进行测试。 These measurements will be combined with use of adaptive sampling to test the dependence of larval vertical distribution on changes in hydrodynamic conditions.Broader Impacts: Results from this study will have important ecological implications as wave circulation / Stokes drift and internal motions may represent critical and regular transport mechanisms for larvae of marine organisms that must return to near shore habitats to complete their life cycle, thereby impacting population connectivity and management strategies used by coastal计划者（例如，基于生态系统的渔业管理，海洋保护区的安置）。调查人员将通过讲座和网站的开发向公众传播结果。此外，该项目具有强大的教育成分，涉及来自两个机构（Whoi and San Diego大学）的大学生和/或研究生。这项研究将纳入各自机构的所有共同研究的课程中，但是这项研究的组成部分是通过USD（自由党大学）的尖端研究经验来增强学生的体验学习。作为该项目的一部分，采样将被纳入针对高年级本科生的野外海洋社区生态课程中，并且学生将被要求参加至少一项研究巡游。调查人员还计划为USD提供竞争性的本科生津贴，以供夏季研究。为了传播结果，将要求参与者参加年度本科研究会议，从而强调了美元的学生 - 教师互动。