Signaling, Dyad Formation, and the Encrypted Nature of Group Cohesion

信号传递、二元组形成和群体凝聚力的加密本质

• 批准号: 1357240
• 负责人: Richard Mcelreath
• 金额: $ 18.37万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1357240&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Signaling; Dyad; Formation; Encrypted; Nature

Dr. Richard McElreath and Dr. Thomas Flamson will explore the mechanisms that influence human group formation and the means through which group formation are negotiated, maintained, and reformed, a core question in anthropology's mission to theoretically explore the causes, consequences, and complexities of human social and cultural variability. The project will entail a two-year study of the formation of smaller cooperative groups within larger communities, a process often called "assortment." Individuals vary in their goals, desires, and abilities, and successful cooperation often depends upon assortment that respects this variation. This research will be primarily conducted in an agricultural community in Northeastern Brazil, where the changes in community membership and composition since 1997 have led to new assortment of relationships with both kin and non-kin. Additional behavioral experiments will be conducted at UC Davis, for cross-cultural comparison. Three primary questions will be addressed: (1) How much do people vary within groups, in knowledge, attitudes, and personality?; (2) How do people produce and understand signals of this variation?; and (3) How do people use this information to assort within groups? Evidence will come from mathematical modeling, experiments, participant observation, time allocation studies, social network structure, and content analysis of verbal interactions.Anthropologists have long recognized the importance of so-called "ethnic markers" in signaling group membership to improve cooperative outcomes, which has recently been the focus of extensive formal modeling. Given the fluid nature of social life, however, assortment within local groups confronts a different set of problems than that between groups, which this research will address, assessing adaptations to individual variation. Further, this work investigates the significance of individual differences in generating cultural products, emphasizing the role of similarity-based preferences in interpersonal association, and uncovering the underlying signaling functions of symbolic behaviors. This project will also make broader contributions to international collaboration and scientific training. Extensive interaction with Brazilian scholars will be facilitated at multiple universities in Brazil, strengthening ongoing associations and introducing new opportunities for collaboration. Research training and experience will also be provided to students, both in the US and in Brazil. Finally, the study of social assortment and cooperative outcomes has tremendous applied importance for the design of institutions for conservation and governance, at both local and regional scales.

理查德·麦克莱雷斯（Richard McElreath）博士和托马斯·弗拉姆森（Thomas Flamson）博士将探索影响人类群体形成的机制以及对人类学的核心问题进行谈判，维护和改革的手段，这是人类学使命探索人类社会和文化变异性的原因，后果和复杂性的核心问题。该项目将需要对较大社区中较小的合作团体形成两年的研究，这一过程通常称为“分类”。个人的目标，欲望和能力各不相同，并且成功的合作通常取决于尊重这种差异的各种分类。这项研究将主要是在巴西东北部的一个农业社区中进行的，自1997年以来，社区成员和组成的变化导致了与亲属和非金属和非金属的新关系。将在加州大学戴维斯分校进行其他行为实验，以进行跨文化比较。将解决三个主要问题：（1）人们在知识，态度和个性方面有多少人在群体中有多少变化？ （2）人们如何产生和理解这种变化的信号？ （3）人们如何使用此信息在组中进行分类？证据将来自数学建模，实验，参与者观察，时间分配研究，社交网络结构以及言语互动的内容分析。人类学家长期以来已经认识到所谓的“种族标记”在信号群体成员中的重要性，以改善合作成果，最近是广泛的正式模型的重点。然而，鉴于社会生活的流动性质，本地群体内部的各种问题与两组之间的问题相比，这项研究将解决这些问题，评估了对个体变异的适应。此外，这项工作研究了个体差异在产生文化产品方面的重要性，强调了基于相似性偏好在人际关系关联中的作用，并揭示了符号行为的基本信号传导功能。 该项目还将为国际合作和科学培训做出更广泛的贡献。巴西的多所大学将促进与巴西学者的广泛互动，增强持续的协会并引入新的合作机会。研究培训和经验也将向美国和巴西的学生提供。最后，对社会分类和合作成果的研究非常重要地适用于在地方和地区范围内设计机构的保护和治理。