Identifying Genetic Determinants of Speciation from Genomic Maps of Ancestry in Hybrid Mice

从杂交小鼠祖先基因组图谱中识别物种形成的遗传决定因素

• 批准号: 1353737
• 负责人: Bret Payseur
• 金额: $ 90万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1353737&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; Genetic; Determinants; Speciation; Genomic; Identifying; Genetic; Determinants; Speciation; Genomic

Why are there so many species? The process by which two species are generated from one - speciation - is a major determinant of biodiversity. When species hybridize in nature, some parts of their genomes are exchanged and others are not. Those regions of the genome that are not exchanged keep the species separate. By identifying those incompatible regions in species of mice, this research will reveal genetic mechanisms responsible for speciation (and biodiversity). Another novel contribution of this research will be the development of new approaches that analyze entire genomes, instead of one region at a time. The project will combine research with teacher training to share discoveries with the public. In addition to expanding evolutionary knowledge, this research will benefit applied fields, including human health. For example, the framework developed in this project can be used to understand the current reproductive effects of historical mating between humans and Neanderthals.This research will provide new theoretical and empirical frameworks for measuring gene flow between species in hybrid zones. The focus will be ancestry junctions - those points along chromosomes where ancestry switches from one species to the other. In contrast to existing analyses of hybrid genomes, this approach will easily scale to entire genomes. Computer simulations will be used to quantify the effects of selection, migration and genetic drift on ancestry junctions across the genome. A range of genetic architectures of reproductive isolation will be investigated to determine the conditions under which selection against hybrids leaves detectable genomic signatures. This theoretical framework will be applied to new genomic data collected in hybrids between two subspecies of house mice that are excellent models for studying speciation in progress. Incompatible genomic regions responsible for reproductive barriers between new species will be identified.

为什么有这么多物种？从一个物种形成的过程中产生两个物种的过程是生物多样性的主要决定因素。当物种在自然界中杂交时，其基因组的某些部分被交换，而其他部分则没有。那些未交换的基因组区域将物种分开。通过鉴定小鼠物种中的那些不兼容的区域，这项研究将揭示造成物种形成（和生物多样性）的遗传机制。这项研究的另一个新贡献将是开发分析整个基因组的新方法，而不是一次分析一个区域。该项目将将研究与教师培训相结合，与公众分享发现。除了扩大进化知识外，这项研究还将受益于包括人类健康在内的应用领域。例如，该项目中开发的框架可用于了解人类与尼安德特人之间历史交配的当前生殖作用。这项研究将提供新的理论和经验框架，以测量混合区域中物种之间的基因流。重点将是祖先连接 - 沿着染色体的那些点，祖先从一种物种转换为另一种。与现有的混合基因组分析相反，该方法将很容易扩展到整个基因组。计算机模拟将用于量化选择，迁移和遗传漂移对整个基因组祖先连接的影响。将研究一系列生殖分离的遗传体系结构，以确定针对杂种的选择留下可检测的基因组特征的条件。该理论框架将应用于在两种室内小鼠亚种之间收集的新基因组数据，这些数据是研究进展形式的绝佳模型。将确定负责新物种之间生殖屏障的不相容的基因组区域。