NEESR Planning/Collaborative Research: Simulation and Design Tools for Tsunami Bridge Engineering

NEESR 规划/协作研究：海啸桥梁工程的模拟和设计工具

• 批准号: 1344695
• 负责人: Michael Scott
• 金额: $ 13.5万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1344695&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NEESR; Planning; Collaborative; Research; Simulation

The technical objective of this project is to develop tsunami loading and design recommendations for bridges that address issues that must be treated differently for bridges than for buildings. These issues include (1) three-dimensional bridge geometries such as deck shape, skew and embankments, whose hydraulic characteristics can lead to channelization, bore entrapment, and shielding; (2) debris impact and debris damming that can greatly increase the forces on a bridge, both during the initial impact of the tsunami waves and during the outflows; and (3) fluid-structure interaction effects that can be significant for particular types of bridges and retrofit strategies, such as the deployment of fenders or in cases with flexible structures. Bridge-specific retrofit strategies will also be explored. Recent advances in the development of parallel processing software and the availability of powerful computational platforms make it possible to simulate these complex effects. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling will address the effects of three-dimensional hydraulic geometries. The Material Point Method (MPM) will address the effects of debris impact fields and damming by modeling debris explicitly. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), as implemented in OpenSees, will allow researchers to consider the fluid-structure interaction, the effects of the preceding earthquake shaking and the effect of uncertainties. As part of this planning grant, the simulation strategies will be developed sufficiently to guide the detailed design of critical experiments in a NEES2 facility early in FY2015. Over the past decade, tsunamis have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths and hundreds of billions of dollars of damage. The loss of critical lifeline structures has exacerbated these catastrophes by delaying emergency response efforts and post-event economic recovery. Large tsunamis also threaten at least five U.S. states and numerous U.S. territories. Nearly all past tsunami research has focused on run-up modeling, the development of evacuation strategies, and more recently, on the design of buildings to resist tsunamis. In comparison, little research has addressed the tsunami performance of bridges, and no guidelines are available to design safe and economical tsunami-resistant bridges or to develop retrofit strategies. To these ends, the proposed research will transform the design of tsunami-resistant bridges, and consequently, greatly improve post-event response and recovery efforts. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES data repository. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).

该项目的技术目标是针对桥梁开发海啸加载和设计建议，这些桥梁解决桥梁必须对桥梁的处理方式与建筑物相比必须有所不同。 这些问题包括（1）三维的桥梁几何形状，例如甲板形状，偏斜和路堤，其液压特性可以导致通道化，孔隙夹带和屏蔽； （2）在海啸波和流出期间的最初影响期间，碎屑撞击和碎屑堵塞可以大大增加桥梁上的力； （3）流体结构的相互作用效应对于特定类型的桥梁和改造策略，例如挡泥板的部署或具有柔性结构的情况。 还将探讨特定于桥梁的改装策略。 并行处理软件的开发以及强大的计算平台的可用性的最新进展使模拟这些复杂效果成为可能。 计算流体动力学（CFD）建模将解决三维液压几何形状的影响。 材料点方法（MPM）将通过明确对碎屑进行建模来解决碎片撞击场的影响。 颗粒有限元法（PFEM）在OpenSees中实现，将使研究人员可以考虑流体结构的相互作用，前震动的效果以及不确定性的效果。 作为该计划赠款的一部分，将足够制定模拟策略，以指导2015财年初期NEES2设施中关键实验的详细设计。 在过去的十年中，海啸造成了数十万人死亡和数十亿美元的损失。 关键生命线结构的丧失通过延迟应急工作和事后经济复苏来加剧了这些灾难。 大型海啸也威胁到至少五个美国州和众多美国领土。 过去几乎所有过去的海啸研究都集中在升级建模，疏散策略的发展以及最近的建筑物设计以抵抗海啸的设计上。 相比之下，很少的研究已经解决了桥梁的海啸表现，并且没有针对设计安全和经济的海啸抗扰者桥梁或制定改造策略的准则。 对于这些目的，拟议的研究将改变海啸抗性的桥梁的设计，从而大大改善了事后的反应和恢复工作。 该项目的数据将通过NEES数据存储库进行存档并提供给公众。 该奖项是国家地震危害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。