Determining how Organic Matter is Stabilized using a Unique Set of Soil Samples from across the U.S.

使用来自美国各地的一组独特的土壤样本确定如何稳定有机物

• 批准号: 1340516
• 负责人: Michael SanClements
• 金额: $ 29.68万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1340516&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Determining; how; Organic; Matter; Stabilized

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical linkage among many ecosystem services that sustain our society and life on Earth. It is the primary food source for microbes and the principal storehouse of water necessary for plant growth. SOM also stores nutrients for plants and absorbs pollutants that otherwise could contaminate food and water supplies. Soils also help regulate climate by storing carbon that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. This project investigates processes in the soil that protect SOM from being completely consumed by microbes and conversely, processes that could increase its sensitivity to environmental changes. The researchers will also study how climate change and changes in how land is managed affect the amount and stability of SOM. The project involves a large number of researchers and laboratories in conducting a wide range of SOM analyses. It takes advantage of soil samples already collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), a major NSF investment in environmental monitoring that covers the entire United States. The samples will be preserved and the data that results from this project made fully public via the web.The evolution of a new paradigm, where the primary controls on SOM dynamics are less dependent on molecular structure than on other soil and ecosystem properties, has created a knowledge gap in our ability to predict the response of SOM to environmental change. The relationships among shifting controls over different SOM stabilization mechanisms, ranging from distal factors operating at broad spatial scales (e.g., climate) to proximal controls operating at finer spatial scales (e.g., soil physicochemical properties), are poorly defined. Investigators will test the emerging paradigm by quantifying relationships between the dominant mechanisms of SOM stabilization and the scale of the ecosystem controls (i.e., fine-scale, proximal vs. broad-scale, distal) across a continental-scale system of soil types and ecological domains, utilizing soil samples collected during the construction of NEON. This project will be the first continental-scale assessment of SOM vulnerability and will yield new, predictive insights into controls on SOM stability across soil types, land-use types and environmental gradients. The results will significantly improve our understanding of SOM dynamics, a fundamental scientific advancement in its own right, while also enabling better representation of soils in ecosystem and coupled carbon-climate models. The project represents a new standard in open, community-oriented research, supporting participation by researchers from universities, government and non-government agencies. It will facilitate collaboration through major scientific networks that are increasingly necessary to conduct science at the scale needed to address the complex issues facing society. Graduate and undergraduate students will receive training in state-of-the-science methods of soil science by participating in this research, and insights derived from it will inform decisions by policymakers and resource managers concerned with carbon sequestration and ecosystem services.

土壤有机物（SOM）是维持我们社会和地球上生活的许多生态系统服务之间的关键联系。它是微生物的主要食物来源，也是植物生长所需的主要水库。 SOM还存储植物的营养物质，并吸收污染物，否则可能会污染食物和供水。土壤还可以通过存储碳来帮助调节气候，否则将释放到大气中并导致气候变化。该项目调查了土壤中的过程，这些过程可以保护SOM免于被微生物完全消耗，相反，可以提高其对环境变化的敏感性的过程。 研究人员还将研究气候变化和土地管理方式的变化如何影响SOM的数量和稳定性。该项目涉及大量的研究人员和实验室进行广泛的SOM分析。它利用了国家生态观测网络（NEON）已经收集的土壤样本，这是NSF对环境监测的主要投资，涵盖了整个美国。将保留样品，并通过网络完全公开该项目的数据。新范式的演变，其中对SOM动力学的主要控制对分子结构的依赖性较小，而不是对其他土壤和生态系统属性的依赖，这在我们预测SOM对环境变化的响应的能力方面造成了知识差距。对不同SOM稳定机制的转移控制之间的关系，范围从较大的空间尺度（例如气候）运行到在更精细的空间尺度（例如，土壤物理学特性）运行的近端控制的范围。研究人员将通过量化SOM稳定的主要机制与生态系统控制的规模（即，在土壤类型和生态领域的大陆尺度系统中，利用Neyon构造的土壤样本收集的土壤类型和生态域系统之间的关系（即细尺度，近端与远处，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端，远端），将测试新兴范式。该项目将是对SOM脆弱性的第一个大陆尺度评估，并将对跨土壤类型，土地利用类型和环境梯度的SOM稳定性进行新的预测见解。结果将显着提高我们对SOM动力学的理解，这本身就是基本的科学进步，同时还可以更好地代表生态系统中的土壤和碳气候模型。该项目代表了开放，面向社区的研究的新标准，支持大学，政府和非政府机构的研究人员参与。它将通过主要的科学网络进行协作，这些网络越来越需要以解决社会面临的复杂问题所需的规模进行科学。研究生和本科生将通过参与这项研究来接受土壤科学科学的最先进方法的培训，并从中获得的见解将为政策制定者和与碳续集和生态系统服务有关的决策提供信息。