Doctoral Dissertation Research: Acquisition and Processing of Pitch Accents: A Cross-linguistic Study of English and Japanese Second Language Learners

博士论文研究：音调重音的习得和处理：英语和日语第二语言学习者的跨语言研究

• 批准号: 1324511
• 负责人: Bonnie Schwartz
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1324511&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Acquisition; Processing

This dissertation investigates second language (L2) use of prosody--the "rhythm" and "melody" of sentences--to convey and comprehend Information Structure. In English, contrastive information ("Did Mariana make the apple bread?"-"Mariana made the BANANA bread.") and new information ("What did Mariana make?"-"Mariana made the BANANA bread.") are emphasized with higher pitch and longer duration, whereas old information is deaccented ("Who made the banana bread?"-"Mariana made the banana bread."). Contrastive information and new information are differentiated by tune of pitch: the former with low tone followed by high tone, the latter with high plateau tone. In Tokyo-Japanese, by contrast, presence or absence of pitch indicates word meaning ("a'me" 'rain' vs. "ame" 'candy'), not Information Structure. In light of these differences, this bi-directional study examines whether Target Language prosodic perception is modulated by native language (L1) properties and how L2 learners develop prosodic marking of Information Structure. L1-Japanese learners of English and L1-English learners of Japanese are tested on 3 prosodies--contrastive pitch, regular high pitch, deaccentuation--and their link to Information Structure: (1) a perception task in which naturalness of pitch and duration vis-a-vis information status is rated; (2) a dyadic picture-coloring production task, manipulating information status of colors and drawing instruments ("Color the dog with the blue spray / blue pen / red pen. Now color the cat with the red pen."); (3) a comprehension task, the listening counterpart to task (2), utilizing eyetracking.This is the first investigation of L2 prosody that systematically manipulates and analyzes prosodic details and tests L2 learners' perception, production, and comprehension in well-controlled, contextualized experiments. Since very little is known about L2 learners' use of prosodic information, the project could serve as an important data source for formulating an L2 acquisition theory of prosody and help set an L2 agenda for higher-level phonological acquisition/processing/teaching.

本论文调查了第二语言（L2）韵律的使用 - 句子的“节奏”和“旋律” - 传达和理解信息结构。用英语，对比信息（“玛丽安娜制作了苹果面包吗？” - “玛丽安娜制作了香蕉面包。”）和新信息（“玛丽安娜（Mariana）做了什么？” - “玛丽安娜（Mariana）制作了香蕉面包。”）被强调较高且持续时间更长，更长的持续时间更长，而旧信息则是旧信息，而旧信息则是banaana the Banana Bread？对比度信息和新信息通过音调的音调有所不同：前者的音调低，然后是高音调的高音调。相比之下，在东京 - 日本人中，俯仰的存在或不存在表示单词含义（“ a'me”''''vs.“ ame”'糖果），而不是信息结构。鉴于这些差异，这项双向研究研究了目标语言韵律知觉是否由母语（L1）属性调节，以及L2学习者如何发展信息结构的韵律标记。 L1-日本的英语学习者和L1英语学习者对日语进行了3个韵律测试 - 对比度，常规的高音调，负高音调，以及他们与信息结构的联系：（1）在这些任务中，音高和持续时间的自然性相对于信息的信息状态得到了评分； （2）一项二元图片颜色的生产任务，操纵颜色的信息状态和绘图仪器（“用蓝色喷雾 /蓝色笔 /红色为狗着色。 （3）一项理解任务，即使用眼影的任务（2）的聆听。这是对L2韵律的首次调查，该调查系统地操纵和分析了韵律细节并测试L2学习者的感知，生产和理解，以良好的对照，情境化实验。由于对L2学习者对韵律信息的使用知之甚少，因此该项目可以作为制定L2获取韵律理论的重要数据源，并有助于为高级语音获取/处理/教学设定L2议程。