RAPID: Commuter Adaptation to Transportation Disruption in Hurricane Sandy's Aftermath

RAPID：通勤者适应飓风桑迪后交通中断的情况

• 批准号: 1313674
• 负责人: Pamela Murray-Tuite
• 金额: $ 4.49万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-15 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313674&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Commuter; Adaptation; Transportation; Disruption; RAPID; Commuter; Adaptation; Transportation; Disruption

This Rapid Response Research Grant (RAPID) will collect important, perishable data on transport-related stress and commuter adaptation to transportation disruptions and temporary policy and service changes related to Hurricane Sandy in the New York Metropolitan area. A team will collect changing transportation modes, departure times, and other travel-related choices and stress levels through a survey. The data allow testing of hypotheses such as (1) delays experienced with limited transit availability and crowding change the timing of work trips; (2) previous personal vehicle commuters are more likely to carpool under greater carpooling (HOV3+) restrictions than to take transit; (3) commuters that are women, older, and lower income report more transport-related stress than others; (4) higher stress levels result from longer commute lengths and more days of disruption; and (5) the timespan of commuting disruption is higher for lower income, less educated, and non-white populations. The study's data and models will enhance understanding of commuter adaptability to events that disrupt the transportation system, temporary transportation policies, and fuel shortages. Its outcomes will guide future, comprehensive transportation resiliency studies by allowing demand predictions. Without appropriate demand models, resilience studies rely on judgment-based demand estimates, which can lead to misestimation of connectivity and capacity needs. Acting according to underestimates can cause traveler frustration, delays, and lost productivity in an already stressful time, while overestimates can lead to excessive expenditures. Most transportation disruption analyses focus exclusively on road networks, rather than transit and multi-modal systems. Thus, transit dependent cities have few tested practices with which to inform mitigation and recovery plans. This study addresses this gap and identifies policies for future events and other locations. Furthermore, stress constitutes a typically unmeasured cost of disruption, and its study can improve understanding of how transportation disruptions influence cognitive processes and adaptation, suggesting both public and private interventions to improve public health.

这项快速响应研究补助金（Rapid）将收集有关交通相关压力的重要数据，并适应运输中断，临时政策和服务变化与纽约大都会地区飓风桑迪有关的临时政策和服务变化。 团队将通过调查收集不断变化的运输方式，出发时间以及其他与旅行有关的选择和压力水平。 数据允许测试假设，例如（1）延迟有限的过境可用性和拥挤的延误会改变工作时间； （2）先前的私人车辆通勤者比进行过境更可能在更大的拼车（HOV3+）限制下拼车； （3）妇女，年龄较大和收入较低的通勤者报告的压力比其他人更多； （4）更高的压力水平是由于更长的通勤长度和更多的破坏天数而导致的； （5）通勤干扰的时间跨度较低，受教育程度较低和非白人人口的时间更高。 该研究的数据和模型将增强对破坏运输系统，临时运输政策和燃料短缺的事件的通勤适应性的理解。 它的结果将通过允许需求预测来指导未来的全面运输弹性研究。没有适当的需求模型，弹性研究依赖于基于判断的需求估计，这可能导致连通性和能力需求的误解。根据低估的行为会导致旅行者的挫败感，延误和生产力在本来就很紧张的时间内失去生产力，而高估的可能会导致支出过多。大多数运输中断分析仅关注道路网络，而不是公交和多模式系统。因此，过境依赖城市几乎没有经过测试的实践来告知缓解和恢复计划。这项研究解决了这一差距，并确定了未来事件和其他位置的政策。此外，压力构成了通常无法计量的破坏成本，其研究可以提高对运输方式如何影响认知过程和适应的理解，这表明公共和私人干预措施都可以改善公共卫生。