DISSERTATION RESEARCH: A genomic approach to understanding allopatric differentiation in tropical montane birds

论文研究：了解热带山地鸟类异域分化的基因组方法

• 批准号: 1311449
• 负责人: John Bates
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1311449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; genomic; approach; understanding

The formation of new species (speciation) is generally thought to begin with geographic isolation of populations. When different populations of a single species are isolated by geographic barriers, they are likely to evolve differences. If the differences accrued in isolation are substantial, these populations will be considered different species. However, the processes that control the initial stage of speciation, the differentiation of geographically isolated populations, are poorly understood. This proposal investigates the factors that control differentiation of populations in geographic isolation. In particular, it examines the roles that time spent in geographic isolation, and the degree of geographic isolation experienced through time, play in determining levels of population differentiation. This proposal uses bird species found in the cloud forest of the Andes as a model system for hypothesis testing, as many populations in this region show variable levels of differentiation across geographic barriers. Recently developed genetic techniques will be used to infer levels of genetic differentiation, and museum specimens of Andean birds will enable measurement of differentiation in plumage and morphology among populations.Understanding the causes of different amounts of divergence from geographically isolated species will help illuminate the processes involved in the initial phase of speciation for a large portion of earth?s biodiversity. This project includes training of Peruvian scientists and mentorship of local Chicago area high school students and undergraduates in laboratory methods. This project also will involve public educational outreach on genetic and evolutionary research at the DNA Discovery Center at the Field Museum in Chicago.

通常认为新物种（物种形成）的形成是从人口的地理隔离开始的。当单个物种的不同种群通过地理障碍分离时，它们可能会发展差异。如果孤立的差异很大，这些人群将被视为不同的物种。但是，控制着初始物种阶段的过程，地理隔离人群的分化是很少了解的。该提案调查了控制地理隔离中种群分化的因素。特别是，它研究了时间在地理隔离中花费的角色，以及随着时间的推移经历的地理隔离程度，在确定人口差异水平方面发挥作用。该提议使用在安第斯山脉的云森林中发现的鸟类作为假设检验的模型系统，因为该地区的许多人群都显示出跨地理障碍的分化水平。最近开发的遗传技术将用于推断遗传学分化的水平，而博物馆的标本将能够测量种群中羽毛和形态的差异化。理解与地理上隔离物种不同差异的原因，将帮助涉及地球的初始阶段涉及地球的最初阶段的大型阶段，以实现大量的大型物种的生物。该项目包括对秘鲁科学家的培训以及芝加哥地区高中生的指导以及实验室方法的本科生。该项目还将涉及芝加哥田野博物馆DNA发现中心的遗传和进化研究的公共教育宣传。