Rapid Response: Morphological Change Near Katama Inlet During Hurricane Sandy

快速响应：桑迪飓风期间卡塔马湾附近的形态变化

• 批准号: 1310876
• 负责人: Steve Elgar
• 金额: $ 2.57万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-11-15 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1310876&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Response; Morphological; Change; Near

Intellectual Merit:Hurricane Sandy produced 11-m high waves in 66-m water depth on the continental shelf south of Cape Cod and 5-m high waves in 12-m depth 2 km offshore of the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, MA. The large waves combined with strong tidal- and wave-driven currents can transport tremendous amounts of sediment along the shoreline, and into the inlet during flood tides. Visual inspection of Katama Bay and Inlet after Hurricane Sandy suggest there were large changes to the ebb shoal, shoreline, inlet, and back bay. A post-Sandy survey of the ebb shoal, inlet channel, and back bay near Katama Inlet will be conducted. When combined with the pre-Sandy survey and observations of tides, waves, and currents that were collected by the investigators before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy, the proposed observations will allow the data and numerical models to be used for addressing the following hypotheses:(i) the timing of storms relative to ebb and flood flows is important to the morphological evolution, and(ii) accretion inside the bay is caused by sand carried alongshore from the west and subsequently transported into the inlet during flood flows.An additional hypothesis is that wave radiation stresses drive water into the inlet, producing stronger flood and weaker ebb flows, further enhancing the transport of sediment into the inlet during storms.Broader Impacts:The project investigators have been providing the local harbormaster, boating organizations, and shell fishermen with updated bathymetric maps to help them with their operations. Improved understanding of, and numerical models for, the processes affecting the morphology would help them with future management decisions as the inlet evolves. For example, the US Army Corps of Engineers has investigated establishing a sustainable breach between Katama Bay and the Atlantic to prevent siltation of the commercial oyster farms in the bay, potentially resulting in several million dollars per year of benefit to the local shell fishing industry. In addition, the results from this study will help harbormasters plan operations as the inlet evolves and currents change in Edgartown Harbor. Moreover, a field-verified modeling system of inlet evolution can be used to simulate a range of nearshore systems, allowing simulations and what-if scenarios in other areas. In addition, the observations will be used by three WHOI-MIT PhD students as part of their dissertation research about the effects of waves on shoreline morphological evolution and on inlet flows.

知识分子的优点：桑迪飓风在鳕鱼角以南的大陆架子上产生了11米的水深，在马萨诸塞州玛莎葡萄园葡萄园南海岸的海岸2公里的12米深度上产生了5米的高海浪。大波浪与强烈的潮汐和波动驱动的电流结合在一起，可以在海岸线上运输大量的沉积物，并在洪水潮时进入入口。飓风桑迪（Sandy）之后，对卡塔玛湾（Katama Bay）和入口的目视检查表明，潮起的浅滩，海岸线，入口和后湾发生了很大的变化。 将对Katama入口附近的浅滩浅滩，入口通道和后湾进行桑迪后的调查。当结合潮汐，波浪和潮流的观察以及调查人员在飓风桑迪（Sandy）飓风之前和之后收集的潮汐，波浪和潮流的观察时，提出的观察结果将允许数据和数值模型用于解决以下假设，以解决以下假设：（i）相对于EBB和洪水的范围，避免了避难所的避难所，并与Morphologicy Is Is car rand Is car is cor is corried Is（II）相同（II）IS（II）IS（II）IS（II）IS（II）（II）IS（II），（II）IS（II）的进程（II）（II），（II）IS（II）的进程（II）。从西方开始，随后在洪水流期间运输到入口。另一个假设是，波辐射应力将水驱动到入口，产生更强烈的洪水和较弱的潮起潮流，进一步增强了暴风雨期间沉积物进入入口的运输。随着入口的发展，对影响形态的过程的了解和数值模型的改进和数值模型将有助于他们做出未来的管理决策。例如，美国陆军工程兵团已经调查了卡塔玛湾和大西洋之间的可持续违规行为，以防止海湾的商业牡蛎农场淤积，这可能每年对当地壳牌捕鱼行业的福利造成数百万美元。此外，随着入口的进化和埃德加敦港（Edgartown Harbour）的潮流变化，这项研究的结果将有助于竖琴器计划操作。此外，可以使用现场验证的入口进化建模系统来模拟一系列近岸系统，从而允许在其他领域进行模拟和情况。此外，三名WHOI-MIT博士生将使用这些观察结果，作为他们关于波浪对海岸线形态演化和入口流的影响的论文研究的一部分。