Doctoral Dissertation Research: Racial Disparity in American Incarceration, 1868-1950

博士论文研究：美国监禁中的种族差异，1868-1950

• 批准号: 1303538
• 负责人: Bruce Western
• 金额: $ 0.68万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Racial; Disparity

Bruce Western Christopher MullerHarvard UniversityBetween 1970 and 2010, the U.S. imprisonment rate increased fivefold, from roughly 100 per 100,000 residents to roughly 500 per 100,000 residents. No other nation incarcerates such a large proportion of its population. As the incarceration rate increased, it retained a striking racial disparity. African Americans today are imprisoned at about six times the rate of whites. The dissertation research proposes that racial disparity in incarceration had different sources in different periods of U.S. history. Immediately following the Civil War, racial differences in incarceration in the South were driven by transformations in the agricultural and industrial economy. During the Great Migration, racial disparity rose in the North due, in part, to status conflicts between migrating African Americans and the recent European immigrants who dominated northern police forces. Today, racial disparity persists not only because of the War on Drugs, but because of suburban voters' influence over urban criminal justice policy. These three hypotheses will be tested using archival records, secondary historical materials, and quantitative data.Broader Impacts In recent years, severe racial disparities in incarceration have been the subject of public and scholarly concern. Some scholars trace a direct path between former institutions of social control, such as slavery and Jim Crow, and high rates of African-American incarceration today. This project aims instead to study empirically the sources of racial disparity in three periods of U.S. history. Understanding these sources will better enable us to understand the problems that have led to vast racial inequality in punishment today.

布鲁斯西克里斯托弗·穆勒哈瓦德（Bruce Western Christopher Mullerharvard）在1970年至2010年之间，美国监禁率提高了5倍，从每10万居民大约100个到每10万居民约500名。没有其他国家被监禁其人口中很大一部分。随着监禁率的增加，它保留了惊人的种族差异。如今，非裔美国人被监禁，大约是白人率的六倍。 论文研究表明，在美国历史的不同时期，监禁中的种族差异具有不同的来源。内战之后，南方的监禁种族差异是由农业和工业经济的转变驱动的。在巨大的移民期间，北部的种族差距上升，部分原因是非裔美国人移民与最近统治北部警察部队的欧洲移民之间的地位冲突。如今，种族差异仍然存在不仅是因为对毒品的战争，还因为郊区选民对城市刑事司法政策的影响。这三个假设将使用档案记录，二级历史材料和定量数据进行检验。近年来，公众的监禁中严重的种族差异一直是公众和学术关注的主题。一些学者追踪了以前的社会控制机构，例如奴隶制和吉姆·克劳（Jim Crow），以及今天的非裔美国人监禁率很高。该项目的目的是在美国历史的三个时期内经验研究种族差异的来源。了解这些资料将更好地使我们能够理解导致当今惩罚中极大种族不平等的问题。