Collaborative Research: The Kinematics, Microphysics and Dynamics of Long-fetch Lake-effect Systems in Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS)

合作研究：安大略省冬季湖效应系统（OWLeS）的长取湖效应系统的运动学、微观物理和动力学

• 批准号: 1258856
• 负责人: Bart Geerts
• 金额: $ 47.44万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258856&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Kinematics; Microphysics; Dynamics

This award is one key segment of a larger effort centered on the Ontario Winter (OW) Lake-effect Systems (LeS) field project, to be conducted December 2013-January 2014. OWLeS will focus on two complementary lines of research, each tracing to a preferred wind regime over the U.S. Great lakes region and corresponding distinct mesoscale mode of winter storm organization. Activities led by this group will focus on so-called "long-fetch" storm events, for which low-level winds are aligned approximately parallel to Lake Ontario's long axis. Observational assets to be employed during OWLeS include the University of Wyoming King Air instrumented aircraft, the CSWR Doppler on Wheels (DOW) mobile radars, multiple mobile rawinsounding systems, the Millersville University Profiling System, the UAH Mobile Integrated Profiling System, and a variety of other deployable surface measurement systems. These researchers contend that predictions of the amounts and inland extent of LeS snowfall remain poor, due in part to fine-scale variations in upwind planetary boundary layer structure and poor representation of cloud microphysical, dynamical, and surface processes. To address these shortcomings, the intellectual merits of this research will derive from improved understanding of: 1) How long-fetch LeS intensify and evolve downwind of the lake, where prolonged heavy snowfall rates are particularly impactful; 2) how cloud and dynamical processes may contribute to cloud electrification and to lightning, as occasionally observed in long-fetch LeS heavy precipitation cells; and 3) how dual-polarimetric (and in select regions, dual-Doppler) radar measurements at X- and S-band wavelengths as utilized by mobile-DOW and operational National Weather Service WSR-88D radars, respectively, may reveal detailed precipitation processes in LeS. Through detailed comparisons with in-situ aircraft measurements, evaluations dual-polarimetric particle identification and quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithms will extend the utility of remote-sensing observations in this unique cool-season environment.Broader impacts will include experience infield campaign planning, hands-on data collection and data analysis for a notably large number of undergraduate as well as graduate students. A desirable mix of junior and senior principal investigators will facilitate exchange of established and complex project design and observing methodologies, and foster improved field observing techniques tailored to severe winter weather conditions. Outreach efforts will extend to K-12 students and college students enrolled at nearby institutes of higher learning. Given the significant impacts of lake effect snowfall on public safety and economic activity along the populous shores of the U.S. Great Lakes, improved understanding of lake-effect systems should foster refined models and forecasting techniques that will address a longer-term societal need.

该奖项是以安大略冬季 (OW) 湖效应系统 (LeS) 现场项目为中心的更大努力的一个关键部分，该项目将于 2013 年 12 月至 2014 年 1 月进行。OWLeS 将重点关注两个互补的研究领域，每个领域都追踪到美国五大湖地区的首选风况以及相应的冬季风暴组织的独特中尺度模式。 该小组领导的活动将集中于所谓的“长期”风暴事件，其中低层风与安大略湖的长轴大致平行。 OWLeS 期间使用的观测资产包括怀俄明大学 King Air 仪表飞机、CSWR 轮上多普勒 (DOW) 移动雷达、多个移动原始探测系统、米勒斯维尔大学剖面系统、UAH 移动综合剖面系统以及各种其他可部署的表面测量系统。 这些研究人员认为，对 LeS 降雪量和内陆范围的预测仍然很差，部分原因是逆风行星边界层结构的精细尺度变化以及云微物理、动力学和表面过程的不良表征。 为了解决这些缺点，这项研究的智力价值将来自于对以下方面的更好理解：1）长期强降雪率在湖泊顺风处的影响力特别大，长期LeS如何增强和演变； 2) 云和动力过程如何促成云带电和闪电，正如在长期 LeS 强降水单元中偶尔观察到的那样； 3) 移动 DOW 和运行的国家气象局 WSR-88D 雷达分别使用 X 和 S 波段波长的双偏振（以及在某些地区，双多普勒）雷达测量如何揭示详细的降水过程在莱斯。 通过与现场飞机测量的详细比较，评估双偏振粒子识别和定量降水估算（QPE）算法将扩展遥感观测在这种独特的冷季环境中的效用。更广泛的影响将包括现场活动规划的经验，为大量本科生和研究生提供实践数据收集和数据分析的机会。 初级和高级首席研究员的理想组合将促进已建立的复杂项目设计和观测方法的交流，并促进针对恶劣冬季天气条件的改进现场观测技术。 外展工作将扩展到 K-12 学生和附近高等教育机构就读的大学生。 鉴于湖泊效应降雪对人口稠密的美国五大湖沿岸的公共安全和经济活动产生重大影响，提高对湖泊效应系统的了解应该促进完善的模型和预测技术，以满足长期的社会需求。