CAREER: Novel Designs for Kidney Exchange and Other Markets, in the Intersection of Operations Research, Economics and Computer Science

职业：运筹学、经济学和计算机科学交叉领域的肾脏交换和其他市场的新颖设计

• 批准号: 1254768
• 负责人: Itai Ashlagi
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1254768&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Novel; Designs; Kidney; Exchange

The objective of this Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program award is the design, study and implementation of algorithms and matching mechanisms for kidney exchange and other matching markets. In the last decade the field of market design has been growing rapidly, attracting economists, operations researchers and computer scientists. The emergence of kidney exchange clearinghouses is one of the successes of this field. The need for kidney exchange arises when someone who wishes to donate a kidney to a particular recipient is incompatible with that recipient. Two or more incompatible pairs can participate in an exchange allowing the patients to receive transplants. The growth of kidney exchange clearinghouses has driven novel theory based on empirical evidence, leading to impact on existing mechanisms. However, the growth is still slow leaving many more questions than answers. Long term efficiency in kidney exchange will be studied with emphasis on developing and analyzing dynamic mechanisms driven by data. As many exchanges fail to take place in practice (due to hospitals? preferences and medical issues), to reduce failures as well as developing mechanisms that will increase efficiency in the presence of such failures will be investigated. The potential growth of kidney exchange will be studied, from merging exchange networks (domestically and internationally) to relaxing current constraints such as conducting exchanges simultaneously. Finally, unresolved issues in driven by actual challenges in other matching markets will be investigated.There are over 92,000 patients on the waiting list for cadaver kidneys in the U.S and there is a severe shortage of kidneys for transplant; In 2011, 33,581 patients were added to the waiting list, 11,026 transplants from cadaver and 5,154 transplants from living donors were performed, 4,700 patients died and 2,466 were "Too Sick to Transplant". Kidney exchange is therefore a growing source for living donation. Expanding kidney exchange will help many people.

该学院早期职业发展（CAREER）计划奖项的目标是设计、研究和实施肾脏交换和其他匹配市场的算法和匹配机制。在过去的十年中，市场设计领域发展迅速，吸引了经济学家、运筹学家和计算机科学家。肾脏交换清算所的出现是该领域的成功之一。当希望将肾脏捐赠给特定接受者的人与该接受者不相容时，就需要进行肾脏交换。两个或更多不相容的配对可以参与交换，从而使患者接受移植。肾脏交换清算所的发展推动了基于经验证据的新理论的发展，从而对现有机制产生了影响。然而，增长仍然缓慢，留下的问题多于答案。将研究肾脏交换的长期效率，重点是开发和分析数据驱动的动态机制。由于许多交换在实践中未能进行（由于医院的偏好和医疗问题），因此将研究减少失败以及开发在出现此类失败时提高效率的机制。将研究肾脏交换的潜在增长，从合并交换网络（国内和国际）到放松当前的限制（例如同时进行交换）。最后，将对其他匹配市场的实际挑战驱动的未解决问题进行调查。美国有超过92,000名患者在等待尸体肾脏，可供移植的肾脏严重短缺； 2011年，等待名单上新增了33,581名患者，进行了11,026例尸体移植和5,154例活体移植，4,700名患者死亡，2,466名“病重而无法移植”。因此，肾脏交换是活体捐赠的一个日益增长的来源。扩大肾脏交换将帮助很多人。