Psychiatric fringes. An historical and sociological investigation of early psychosis and related phenomena in post-war French and German societies

精神病学边缘。

基本信息

批准号：
209602492
负责人：
Professor Dr. Volker Hess
金额：
--
依托单位：
Centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société - CERMES3
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/209602492?language=en
关键词：
Psychiatric fringes.historical sociological investigation

项目摘要

Early psychosis is used today as a label for a condition of being mentally healthy and at the same time having a strong probability of developing a severe mental illness. It represents a space of liminality or, as we call it, a “grey zone” between pathology and health, illness and non illness. This project aims at analyzing the construction and function of this grey zone as a way of negotiating the boundaries between the normal and the pathological.The constitution of this rather new psychiatric category is based on an assemblage of psychological test procedures, epidemiological methods, and risk analysis, combined with screening and prevention measures. How this assemblage deploys itself and how it reflects contemporary biomedicalization processes are the leading questions of this project, in which we trace the emergence and development of early psychosis over the last fifty years. The investigation will help in understanding the consequences of this assemblage both psychiatric practice and for the individuals concerned confronted to conditions outside the realm of the normal without having a chance to reach a new normal. While their pervasiveness today is related to the contemporary development of notions of risk, prevention, treatment, and chronicity, we hold that these grey zones, which are fraught with practical and existential uncertainties, form constitutive third spaces which bring stability to dichotomies in contemporary social practices, cultural habits, etc. Although such grey zones have been analyzed in other fields of non psychiatric medical practice, the example of psychiatry has never been addressed. Early psychosis thus offers an opportunity to develop an analysis of the shifting boundaries of psychiatric practice and categories in contemporary societies. The project sets as its goals the following: 1) to explain current changes in psychiatry’s theoretical perspectives concerning the nature of its objects; 2) to analyze psychiatry’sits relationships to transformations in contemporary biomedicine; 3) to outline an analytical framework for understanding the interplay between local and global processes in the construction of psychiatric knowledge and practice; and 4) to contribute to ongoing debates in the social studies of psychiatry. To reach these goals the project relies on a comparative methodology and will be undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of historians, sociologists, psychologists and anthropologists. It is divided into two parts: Part A will rely on analyzing patient hospital records and other archival sources in psychiatric hospitals and research institutions, on reviews of psychiatric journals as well as on oral history. It aims at exploring both the development of ideas about early psychosis and their implication for clinical practice from World War II on. Part B will explore how early psychosis is brought to life in the daily practice of specialized consultations and what it means for the protagonists of these consultations. It will rely on ethnographies to be conducted in Paris and Berlin clinics, consisting of observations of consultations and staff as well as interviews with professionals, patients and families.

如今，早期精神病被用作一种心理健康状况的标签，同时极有可能患上严重的精神疾病，它代表了一个阈限空间，或者我们所说的“灰色地带”。该项目旨在分析这个灰色地带的构造和功能，作为协商正常与病理之间界限的一种方式。这个相当新的精神病学类别的构成是基于以下内容的组合。心理测试程序，流行病学方法和风险分析，与筛查和预防措施相结合，这一组合如何部署以及如何反映当代生物医学化进程是本项目的主要问题，我们在其中追踪了过去五十年早期精神病的出现和发展。这项调查将有助于了解这种组合对精神病学实践和面临正常范围之外的条件而没有机会达到新常态的个人的后果，而它们今天的普遍性与当代的发展有关。考虑到风险、预防、治疗和长期性等概念，我们认为这些充满现实和存在不确定性的灰色地带形成了构成性的第三空间，为当代社会实践、文化习惯等中的二分法带来了稳定性。尽管在非精神病学医疗实践的其他领域中已经对精神病学的例子进行了分析，但早期精神病学的例子为分析当代社会精神病学实践和类别的变化提供了机会，该项目将其作为其目标。这以下内容：1）解释精神病学关于其对象性质的理论观点的当前变化；2）分析精神病学与当代生物医学变革的关系；3）概述一个分析框架，以理解局部和全球过程之间的相互作用。精神病学知识和实践；4）为精神病学社会研究中正在进行的辩论做出贡献，该项目依赖于比较方法，并将由跨学科团队进行。它分为两部分：A 部分将依靠分析精神病医院和研究机构的患者医院记录和其他档案来源、精神病学期刊的评论以及口述历史。探索关于早期精神病的思想的发展及其对二战以来临床实践的影响，B 部分将探讨早期精神病如何在专业咨询的日常实践中得以体现，以及它对这些咨询的主角意味着什么。它将依赖于将在巴黎和柏林诊所进行人种学研究，包括对咨询和工作人员的观察以及对专业人士、患者和家属的采访。