Soil Crust InterNational (SCIN) - Understanding and valuing biological soil protection of disturbed and open land surfaces

土壤结皮国际 (SCIN) - 了解和评估受干扰和开放土地表面的生物土壤保护

• 批准号: 207251478
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Burkhard Büdel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsgebiet Multitrophic Biodiversity
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/207251478?language=en
• 关键词: Soil; Crust; InterNational; SCIN; Understanding

The aim of SCIN (Soil Crust InterNational) is to achieve both better appreciation of the functioning and importance of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in Europe and to add value by contributing to the development of better and simpler soil protection practices and policies. BSCs are the biologically modified soil surface that form naturally in open areas. They are typically composed of cyanobacteria, algae, micro fungi, lichens and bryophytes in varying amounts and can be the only vegetation cover in arid and semi-arid regions such as hot and cold deserts or xerothermic steppe vegetation. BSCs contribute to several ecological services. They are also the first colonizers of disturbed soils and have major impacts on the soil properties through stabilization, erosion limitation, and facilitation of colonization by higher plants. BSCs are thought to contribute as much as 6% of the annual global CO2-fixation and 10-40% of the annual global nitrogen input into the earth’s ecosystems. Despite these immensely important properties that provide protection to large, particularly marginal areas, soil crusts are neither well understood nor well appreciated by conservation and regularity authorities who are missing opportunities for improved policies and actions in the area of land protection. SCIN is a project that will provide a much improved understanding of BSC functionality in Europe, from the severest desert to the alpine ecosystems. Estimates of annual productivity will be achieved through continual, in situ, and monitoring of BSC activity linked to detailed photosynthetic measurements. Rates of change and recovery will be determined leading to indices of sensitivity. The functional studies will be backed by detailed biodiversity assessments that aim to reveal the key organisms in BSC functioning over a wide latitudinal, altitudinal and climatic range. Local adaptations in physiology and genetics will be determined as an important help in restoration projects. Information transfer to stakeholders such as local conservation and land management authorities, and to policy makers will be achieved through a series of consultations and reports including highly visual material that will support the work of these organisations. The use of BSCs as examples in education will be investigated. Small local workshops will be held each year to link the science to stakeholders. Scientific transfer will be achieved by regular publication in peer reviewed journals and the holding of an international workshop in Year 2 of the project. European added value will not only be through policy and protection but by improved scientific excellence through the collaboration of diverse groups targeting BSCs. This will provide a unique opportunity for the transfer of skills and knowledge to young scientists. How common are Biological Soil Crusts (BSC) along the climatic gradient. Key questions: How is their taxonomic composition and how diverse are the BSC itself. How is diversity and productivity linked? What is their role in the referring ecosystems (e.g. N + C input, soil stabilization, enhancement of succession). What do they contribute to the ecosystems CO2-fixation/N-input? How unique are the key species at the different sites.

SCIN（国际土壤结皮）的目标是更好地了解欧洲生物土壤结皮 (BSC) 的功能和重要性，并通过促进更好、更简单的土壤保护实践和政策的发展来增加价值。它们通常由不同数量的蓝藻、藻类、微真菌、地衣和苔藓植物组成，是干旱和干旱地区唯一的植被覆盖。半干旱地区，如炎热和寒冷的沙漠或干热草原植被，它们也是受干扰土壤的第一批殖民者，并通过稳定、限制侵蚀和促进殖民化对土壤特性产生重大影响。尽管这些非常重要，但高等植物被认为贡献了每年全球二氧化碳固定量的 6% 和全球每年 10-40% 的氮输入量。土壤结皮为大片地区，特别是边缘地区提供保护，但保护和监管当局既没有充分理解也没有充分重视，他们错过了改进土地保护领域政策和行动的机会。通过对与详细光合作用测量相关的 BSC 活动进行持续、现场监测，将大大提高对欧洲从最严重的沙漠到高山生态系统的 BSC 功能的了解。确定导致指数功能研究将通过详细的生物多样性评估进行，旨在揭示在广泛的纬度、海拔和气候范围内支持 BSC 功能的关键生物体，将确定生理学和遗传学的局部适应，以作为恢复项目的重要帮助。将通过一系列磋商和报告（包括支持这些组织工作的高度可视化材料）向利益相关者（例如当地保护和土地管理当局）以及政策制定者传递信息。将使用平衡计分卡作为教育范例。每年都会举办小型当地研讨会，将科学与利益相关者联系起来，通过在同行评审期刊上定期发表文章来实现科学转移，并且在项目的第二年举办国际研讨会不仅会增加欧洲的附加值。通过政策和保护，以及通过针对 BSC 的不同团体的合作来提高科学水平，这将为向年轻科学家传授技能和知识提供独特的机会。问题： 他们怎么样生物多样性公约本身的多样性以及它们在相关生态系统中的作用是什么（例如氮+碳输入、土壤稳定、演替增强）。 /N-输入？不同地点的关键物种有多独特。