Methane loss from Arctic: towards an annual budget of CH4 emissions from tundra ecosystems across a latitudinal gradient

北极的甲烷损失：跨纬度梯度苔原生态系统的 CH4 排放年度预算

• 批准号: 1204263
• 负责人: Donatella Zona
• 金额: $ 99.56万
• 依托单位: San Diego State University Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1204263&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Methane; loss; Arctic; towards; annual

The research project will investigate year-around CH4 and CO2 fluxes at three Alaskan Arctic sites (Barrow, Aquasuk, and Ivotuk) across a latitudinal gradient of about 300 Km from the northern part of the Arctic Coastal Plain to the foothills of the Brooks Range, in Alaska. These measurements will be used to improve estimates of rates and patterns of and controls on annual GHG fluxes, with special contribution to understanding of the fall, winter and spring fluxes. This project will be among the first efforts toward the estimation of a full annual budget of both CH4 and CO2 net emissions from three tundra ecosystems across a transect in Arctic Alaska. Of primary importance is the quantification of non-summertime CH4 emissions because of the potentially large impact on overall climatic effects. This information has historically been very difficult to collect because of severe weather and remote monitoring stations. Recent advances in measurement technology will make these studies feasible in remote locations and under extreme weather conditions. In particular, this research will make use of the new closed-path LI-7200 and the self-cleaning and heated, low-power,open-path LI-7700 CH4 analyzer for the most remote site (Ivotuk). The team will employ the closed-path CH4 Los Gatos analyzer that corrects for the cross-sensitivity of water for the Barrow and Atqasuk sites. A heated sonic Class-A METEK will be used to record turbulence measurements. In-situ measurements of oxidation-reduction potential, pH, dissolved gases, chemical characterization of soils and soil pore water, and metagenomic analysis will elucidate the dominant respiratory pathways. Project scientists and SDSU will partner with the Reuben H. Fleet Science Centre to improve polar and climate change knowledge and understanding. Project activities will include workshops and seminars on climate change, and potential GHG feedbacks in the Arctic for teachers and the general public in the San Diego area, and for the community in Barrow.

该研究项目将调查阿拉斯加北极三个地点（巴罗、阿夸苏克和伊沃图克）的全年 CH4 和 CO2 通量，横跨从北极沿海平原北部到布鲁克斯山脉山麓约 300 公里的纬度梯度，在阿拉斯加。这些测量结果将用于改进对年度温室气体通量的速率、模式和控制的估计，特别有助于了解秋季、冬季和春季通量。该项目将是对阿拉斯加北极横断面的三个苔原生态系统的甲烷和二氧化碳净排放量的完整年度预算进行估算的首批工作之一。最重要的是非夏季 CH4 排放的量化，因为这可能对整体气候影响产生巨大影响。由于恶劣的天气和远程监测站，这些信息历来很难收集。测量技术的最新进展将使这些研究在偏远地区和极端天气条件下变得可行。特别是，这项研究将利用新的闭路 LI-7200 以及用于最偏远站点 (Ivotuk) 的自清洁、加热、低功耗、开路 LI-7700 CH4 分析仪。该团队将采用闭路 CH4 Los Gatos 分析仪来校正巴罗和阿特卡苏克遗址的水的交叉敏感性。 加热声波 A 级 METEK 将用于记录湍流测量结果。氧化还原电位、pH、溶解气体、土壤和土壤孔隙水的化学特征以及宏基因组分析的原位测量将阐明主要的呼吸途径。 项目科学家和圣地亚哥州立大学将与鲁本·H·弗利特科学中心合作，提高对极地和气候变化的认识和理解。项目活动将包括为圣地亚哥地区的教师和公众以及巴罗社区举办有关气候变化和北极潜在温室气体反馈的讲习班和研讨会。