NEESR: Interaction of Tsunamis with Short Waves and Bottom Sediment - Numerical and Physical Modeling

NEESR：海啸与短波和底部沉积物的相互作用 - 数值和物理模型

• 批准号: 1208147
• 负责人: James Kaihatu
• 金额: $ 78.79万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1208147&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NEESR; Interaction; Tsunamis; Short; Waves

The interaction between short ocean waves and long transient tsunamis is studied in conjunction with sediment transport process. This is in keeping with the theme of the study of tsunami-generated processes in concert with natural oceanographic processes, and will be done from two viewpoints: that of the tsunami's effect on the transported and reworked sediment bed; and that of the effect of the sediment load on the transporting power of the tsunami. Numerical modeling will form the backbone of this work, with physical modeling providing data for process study, parameterization and validation. A sophisticated model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics will be tightly integrated into the experimental plan. Experiments are planned for the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Large Wave Flume Facility at Oregon State University during the first two years. The first set of experiments will focus on evaluating the transport power of the tsunami in order to develop the pickup function and other parameterizations for the transport model. The second set of experiments will investigate full bed evolution. In all experiments, forcing will consist of tsunamis and combined tsunami-swell conditions. Measurements will be comprised of: free surface elevations; near-bottom velocities (from acoustic Doppler velocimeters); sediment concentration (from vertical stacks of optical and acoustic backscatter devices); and vertical velocity profiles (via pairs of upward/downward looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers). These measurements will also be used to evaluate the dissipation of the tsunami in several different ways. To gage the degree of sediment reworking and redistribution under a tsunami, sediment samples will be analyzed using a digital-optical grain size analyzer. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES Project Warehouse/data repository (http://www.nees.org). The broader impacts of the proposed work address the present state of knowledge concerning the destructive nature of the tsunami and how effectively it is represented in laboratory studies. It is anticipated that the results of this work will affect present policies governing infrastructural health, emergency procedures and public safety in coastal areas potentially subject to tsunamis. A plan is also outlined concerning work with the NEES Large Wave Flume Facility's education and outreach personnel in aiding their established plans concerning public engagement and education regarding tsunamis and associated hazards, as well as their plans for encouraging careers in science and engineering. This will include live demonstrations of tsunami-sediment interaction in the Large Wave Flume Facility, during which the public will be able to witness the power of an onrushing tsunami. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).

结合沉积物输送过程研究短海浪和长瞬态海啸之间的相互作用。 这符合海啸产生过程与自然海洋学过程相结合的研究主题，并将从两个角度进行：海啸对搬运和改造沉积物床的影响；以及泥沙负荷对海啸输送能力的影响。 数值建模将构成这项工作的支柱，而物理建模则为过程研究、参数化和验证提供数据。 基于平滑粒子流体动力学的复杂模型将紧密集成到实验计划中。计划在头两年对俄勒冈州立大学地震工程模拟网络 (NEES) 大波水槽设施进行实验。 第一组实验将重点评估海啸的运输能力，以便开发运输模型的拾取功能和其他参数化。 第二组实验将研究全床演化。在所有实验中，强迫将包括海啸和海啸涌浪的组合条件。 测量内容包括： 自由表面高程；近底速度（来自声多普勒速度计）；沉积物浓度（来自垂直堆叠的光学和声学反向散射装置）；和垂直速度剖面（通过成对的向上/向下观察的脉冲相干声学多普勒剖面仪）。 这些测量结果还将用于以多种不同方式评估海啸的消散情况。 为了测量海啸下沉积物重新加工和重新分布的程度，将使用数字光学粒度分析仪对沉积物样本进行分析。 该项目的数据将被存档并通过 NEES 项目仓库/数据存储库 (http://www.nees.org) 向公众开放。 拟议工作的更广泛影响涉及目前有关海啸破坏性的知识状况以及实验室研究中如何有效地体现海啸的情况。 预计这项工作的结果将影响潜在遭受海啸的沿海地区的基础设施健康、应急程序和公共安全的现行政策。 还概述了一项关于与 NEES 大波水槽设施的教育和外展人员合作的计划，以协助他们制定有关海啸和相关灾害的公众参与和教育的计划，以及鼓励科学和工程职业的计划。 这将包括在大型波浪水槽设施中现场演示海啸与沉积物相互作用，在此期间公众将能够目睹海啸的威力。 该奖项是国家地震减灾计划（NEHRP）的一部分。