NEESR: Interaction of Tsunamis with Short Waves and Bottom Sediment - Numerical and Physical Modeling

NEESR：海啸与短波和底部沉积物的相互作用 - 数值和物理模型

• 批准号: 1208147
• 负责人: James Kaihatu
• 金额: $ 78.79万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-10-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1208147&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NEESR; Interaction; Tsunamis; Short; Waves

The interaction between short ocean waves and long transient tsunamis is studied in conjunction with sediment transport process. This is in keeping with the theme of the study of tsunami-generated processes in concert with natural oceanographic processes, and will be done from two viewpoints: that of the tsunami's effect on the transported and reworked sediment bed; and that of the effect of the sediment load on the transporting power of the tsunami. Numerical modeling will form the backbone of this work, with physical modeling providing data for process study, parameterization and validation. A sophisticated model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics will be tightly integrated into the experimental plan. Experiments are planned for the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Large Wave Flume Facility at Oregon State University during the first two years. The first set of experiments will focus on evaluating the transport power of the tsunami in order to develop the pickup function and other parameterizations for the transport model. The second set of experiments will investigate full bed evolution. In all experiments, forcing will consist of tsunamis and combined tsunami-swell conditions. Measurements will be comprised of: free surface elevations; near-bottom velocities (from acoustic Doppler velocimeters); sediment concentration (from vertical stacks of optical and acoustic backscatter devices); and vertical velocity profiles (via pairs of upward/downward looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers). These measurements will also be used to evaluate the dissipation of the tsunami in several different ways. To gage the degree of sediment reworking and redistribution under a tsunami, sediment samples will be analyzed using a digital-optical grain size analyzer. Data from this project will be archived and made available to the public through the NEES Project Warehouse/data repository (http://www.nees.org). The broader impacts of the proposed work address the present state of knowledge concerning the destructive nature of the tsunami and how effectively it is represented in laboratory studies. It is anticipated that the results of this work will affect present policies governing infrastructural health, emergency procedures and public safety in coastal areas potentially subject to tsunamis. A plan is also outlined concerning work with the NEES Large Wave Flume Facility's education and outreach personnel in aiding their established plans concerning public engagement and education regarding tsunamis and associated hazards, as well as their plans for encouraging careers in science and engineering. This will include live demonstrations of tsunami-sediment interaction in the Large Wave Flume Facility, during which the public will be able to witness the power of an onrushing tsunami. This award is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).

短海浪与长瞬态海啸之间的相互作用与沉积物传输过程一起研究。 这符合与自然海洋学过程一致研究海啸生成过程的主题，并将从两个观点来完成：海啸对运输和重新设计的沉积物床的影响；以及沉积物负载对海啸运输能力的影响。 数值建模将构成这项工作的骨干，物理建模为过程研究，参数化和验证提供数据。 基于平滑颗粒流体动力学的复杂模型将紧密整合到实验计划中。计划在俄勒冈州立大学的地震工程模拟（NEES）大型波浪水槽设施的小乔治·布朗（George E. Brown）进行实验。 第一组实验将集中于评估海啸的运输能力，以开发拾取功能和传输模型的其他参数化。 第二组实验将研究全床的演变。在所有实验中，强迫都将由海啸和海啸结合组成。 测量将包括：自由表面高程；近底速度（来自声学多普勒速度计）；沉积物浓度（来自光学和声学反向散射设备的垂直堆栈）；和垂直速度曲线（通过成对向上/向下的脉冲脉冲声音多普勒剖面图）。 这些测量值还将用于以几种不同的方式评估海啸的耗散。 为了衡量海啸下的沉积物重新加工和重新分布的程度，将使用数字光晶尺寸分析仪分析沉积物样品。 该项目的数据将通过NEES项目仓库/数据存储库（http://www.nees.org）进行存档并提供给公众。 拟议工作的更广泛的影响涉及有关海啸破坏性性质的当前知识状态以及在实验室研究中的有效性。 预计这项工作的结果将影响当前管理基础设施健康，紧急情况程序和公共安全的政策，可能受到海啸的影响。 还概述了一项计划，概述了与NEES大波浪水槽设施的教育和外展人员的工作，以协助其有关公众参与和有关海啸及其相关危害的公众参与和教育的计划，以及他们鼓励科学和工程学职业的计划。 这将包括在大波浪水槽设施中进行海啸互动的现场演示，在此期间，公众将能够见证一场大肆宣布的海啸的力量。 该奖项是国家地震危害计划（NEHRP）的一部分。