Classical and Quantum Aspects of Black Holes, Horizons and Asymptotic Symmetries

黑洞、视界和渐近对称性的经典和量子方面

• 批准号: 1205550
• 负责人: Andrew Strominger
• 金额: $ 21万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1205550&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Classical; Quantum; Aspects; Black; Holes

The visible universe has edges, known as event horizons, which surround a black hole or a region of the universe speeding away faster than light. The nature of these edges has vexed physicists, beginning with Einstein, for nearly a century. They are governed by an elegant and beautiful set of quantum laws discovered four decades ago by Bekenstein and Hawking. These laws indicate that black holes are at once the simplest and most complex objects in the physical universe. They are simple because, according to Einstein's general relativity there is in effect nothing inside - space ends at the horizon. They are complex because the Bekenstein-Hawking laws imply that they must carry the maximal allowable information. The coexistence of these dichotomous descriptions of black holes underlies a deep paradox whose resolution is a focal point of modern physics. While the basic paradox remains unsolved, much has been learned using a variety of apporaches. Resolving the paradox is a central problem in modern physics and will likely lead to profound new insights into the nature of our universe, comparable to those following from quantum mechanics and relativity.In this project we propose specific steps to continue these fruitful investigations as well as more generally address universal aspects of the paradox, in its many manifestations surrounding black hole and other horizons. Our investigations will be informed by important lessons learned in the process of studying string theory (a candidate for a fundamental unified theory of nature), but we will concentrate on universal aspects of large-scale observable phenomena which are independent of any assumptions about the as yet-unknown completion of the fundamental laws of nature. Here we pursue a bottom-up approach working from astrophysically observed properties of horizons, the powerful symmetry -general covariance- underlying Einstein's theory of general relativity, and basic physical and mathematical consistency.

可见的宇宙具有边缘，称为事件视野，围绕一个黑洞或宇宙的区域比光快。这些边缘的性质从爱因斯坦开始了近一个世纪的烦恼，从爱因斯坦开始。它们由Bekenstein和Hawking发现的四十年前发现的一套优雅而美丽的量子定律支配。这些定律表明，黑洞立即成为物理宇宙中最简单，最复杂的对象。它们很简单，因为根据爱因斯坦的一般相对论，实际上没有内部 - 空间在地平线上结束。它们很复杂，因为Bekenstein-Hawking法律暗示它们必须携带最大允许的信息。这些黑洞的二分法描述的共存是一个深层悖论，其分辨率是现代物理学的焦点。尽管基本的悖论仍未解决，但使用各种适应性的悖论已经学习了很多。解决悖论是现代物理学中的一个核心问题，很可能会导致对我们宇宙本质的深刻新见解，与量子力学和相对论之后的宇宙性质相当。在本项目中，我们提出了特定的步骤，以继续这些富有成果的研究以及更广泛地解决范式的普遍方面，在围绕黑洞和其他地平面的许多表现中。在研究弦理论（基本统一的自然理论的候选者）过程中，重要的经验教训将为我们的调查提供信息，但我们将集中精力于大规模可观察到的现象的普遍方面，这些现象与对自然基本法律的尚未完成的任何假设无关。在这里，我们采用了一种自下而上的方法，它是从天体物理观察到的地平线的特性，强大的对称性 - 一般协方差 - 基本的爱因斯坦的一般相对论理论以及基本的物理和数学一致性。