SHF: Medium: Title: Idempotent Processing and Architectures

SHF：媒介：标题：幂等处理和架构

• 批准号: 1162215
• 负责人: Karthikeyan Sankaralingam
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2017-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1162215&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SHF; Medium; Title; Idempotent; Processing

For many decades, Moore's Law has allowed exponential growth in computing capability while simultaneously reducing the power consumed by digital devices. Due to fundamental material properties and engineering challenges, in the future the power and energy efficiency of transistors that are the building blocks of digital devices will not improve significantly. Thus to continue providing performance improvements without increasing power consumption, new techniques to design microprocessors are required. This research project looks at a new approach to build microprocessors to make them more energy efficient. The main idea in this research project is to develop techniques allowing microprocessors to efficiently predict without having to expend power-hungry resources to recover in case the prediction is wrong. The research leverages the mathematical principle of idempotence (doing something multiple times producing the same result) in a novel way. In this project, this principle is applied to microprocessor design to develop a class of processors called Idempotent Processors. The research addresses formal theoretical analysis of the technique, ways to build software compilers, and microprocessor designs spanning CPUs to GPUs to exploit this principle. The core idea of this project is to use the property of idempotence: performing an idempotent operation many times produces the same result. The research builds upon the following insight: applications naturally decompose into a continuous series of idempotent regions; i.e., their execution can be broken down into a set of regions, where each region is idempotent - re-execution has no side-effects. The research develops the idea of Idempotent Processors, whose fundamental abstraction is executing idempotent regions of code. This allows novel modifications to the microprocessor pipeline and allows many forms of speculation without the need to restore any state prior to re-execution. This design approach unifies speculation for performance, reliability, and energy efficient execution under one principled approach. The static analysis research formalizes the notion of idempotence and investigates mechanisms for determining idempotent regions. The compiler implementation for various ISAs (instruction set architectures), CPUs (central processing units), and GPUs (grahics processing units) evaluates the approach quantitatively. The project's end-to-end solutions across multiple synergistic directions have potential for disruptive impact. The project involves collaborative work between UW-Madison and UT-San Antonio and involves under-graduate researchers, exchanges visits between institutions, and explores integrated curriculum enhancement and outreach across UW and UTSA. The project's multi-disciplinary and multi-institution collaboration provides distributed impact.

数十年来，摩尔定律允许计算能力的指数增长，同时降低了数字设备所消耗的功率。由于基本的材料属性和工程挑战，将来，晶体管的功率和能源效率是数字设备的基础，将无法显着改善。因此，要继续提供性能改进而不增加功耗，需要设计新技术来设计微处理器。该研究项目着眼于一种新的方法来建立微处理器，以使其更节能。该研究项目的主要思想是开发技术，使微处理器能够有效预测，而无需花费渴望的资源才能恢复，以防预测是错误的。该研究利用了一种新颖的方式来利用势力的数学原理（多次产生相同结果的事情）。在此项目中，该原则应用于微处理器设计，以开发称为IDEMPOTENT处理器的处理器。该研究介绍了对技术的正式理论分析，构建软件编译器的方法以及跨越CPU的微处理器设计，以利用这一原则。该项目的核心思想是使用愿意的属性：多次执行同性恋操作会产生相同的结果。该研究基于以下见解：应用程序自然分解为一系列连续的势力区域；即，他们的执行可以分解为一个区域，每个区域都是愿意的 - 重新执行没有副作用。该研究开发了基本处理器的想法，其基本抽象是执行代码的基本区域。这允许对微处理器管道进行新的修改，并允许在重新执行之前恢复任何状态的许多形式的投机。这种设计方法统一了在一种有原则的方法下的性能，可靠性和节能执行的猜测。 静态分析研究正式化了势力的概念，并研究了确定能区的机制。 用于各种ISA（指令集体系结构），CPU（中央处理单元）和GPU（GRAHICS PROCESTING单元）的编译器实施，可以定量评估该方法。该项目跨多个协同方向的端到端解决方案具有破坏性影响的潜力。该项目涉及UW-Madison和Ut-San Antonio之间的合作工作，涉及本科研究人员，机构之间的交流访问，并探索整个UW和UTSA的综合课程增强和外展课程。 该项目的多学科和多机构合作提供了分布式影响。