Analysis of Carbon Particulates Produced in Combustion of Biodiesels

生物柴油燃烧过程中产生的碳颗粒分析

• 批准号: 1067395
• 负责人: Wilson Merchan-Merchan
• 金额: $ 24.52万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1067395&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Carbon; Particulates; Produced; Combustion

Proposal Review Analysis PI: Wilson Merchan-MerchanProposal Number: CBET-1067395Institution: University of OklahomaTitle: Analysis of Carbon Particulates Produced in Combustion of BiodieselsDue to the large energy demand of traditional fuels and therefore its limitations, the urgent need for energy from renewable/sustainable sources such as biofuels has emerged. Liquid biodiesels, bioalcohols, vegetables oils of different kinds and bioethers have the potential to address the energy need and at the same time are believed to lessen the adverse effects on our environment. It has been reported that biodiesel can significantly reduce gaseous harmful emissions and volatile organic compounds. However, little is known regarding the carbonaceous particles (soot particulates) produced from biodiesels and/or vegetable oil/diesel blends. Due to their nanometer-size, carbon particulates have great potential for environmental contamination and health effects, even at greater levels than other gaseous combustion emissions. Particles of nanometer size (billionth of a meter) that are inhaled have a high probability of deposition into the lungs and are likely to trigger or exacerbate respiratory diseases. In some cases these hazardous ultra fine particles can pass directly through capillary walls into the bloodstream initiating severe diseases in addition to respiratory health effects. The smaller the size of the particles, the more harmful they become. Moreover, due to their size and light weight, these particles can be suspended in the air for weeks before settling. The PI?s preliminary results show that carbon particulates produced from two different biodiesels have significantly smaller diameters compared to those produced in diesel fuel under the same experimental conditions. The preliminary findings contradict the notion that combustors running with oils are likely to produce large (less harmful) or coarse particles. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the growth processes of these ultra-fine hazardous particulates generated from these new emerging fuels. A co-flow burner is used to create the flames. The approach of this project will be as follows. Objective 1: study the effect of soot concentrations (particle population) using different biodiesels and blends with various percentages of diesel fuel using the laser extinction technique. The effect of soot concentration will also be studied by creating the flame medium with different oxygen contents ranging from 21% to 100% O2. The laser extinction technique allows for an instantaneous, non-intrusive measurement of local soot concentration in a variety of flames. Objective 2: obtain particle distributions and study the particle morphology (size, nanostructure, and degree of agglomeration) of the carbon particulates by extracting them using the thermophoretic sampling technique. To accomplish objective 2, samples of carbon particulates will be analyzed using electron transmission microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM. Objective 3: Efforts will also be devoted to obtain concentration profiles of major gaseous chemical species, including CO, CO2, O2, SOx, and NOx. The emissions concentrations will be obtained by scanning the flame in axial and radial directions as a means of producing spatially resolved data. This research seeks to obtain a fundamental understanding of carbonaceous particles and other harmful gaseous emissions produced from various biodiesels and blends.Given the fact that this research project will take place in Oklahoma which is historically known for its Native American heritage and population, the broader impact of this proposal focuses on the recruitment of Native American students into science and engineering. The first Educational Proposition focuses on a plan to stimulate interest and as a result increase the participation of Native Americans in undergraduate and advanced level engineering education. In order to have a broader impact, this Educational Proposition will also focus on the mentoring of secondary level students. The second Educational Proposition focuses on stimulating and increasing the participation of domestic students in an advanced education in engineering. Efforts will be targeted toward highly talented students who are in their third and fourth year of their undergraduate studies. OU has an exceptional pool of talented undergraduate students to draw from as evidenced by the fact that OU is consistently ranked #1 in National Merit Scholars per capita for public universities in the nation. Approximately half of these National Merit Scholars matriculate in the College of Engineering, thus constituting a large number of potential graduate students to be recruited locally as well as nationally.

建议审查分析PI：Wilson Merchan-MerchanProposaposal编号：CBET-1067395固定：俄克拉荷马特大学：分析生物柴油燃烧时生产的碳颗粒物，以对传统燃料的巨大能源需求燃烧，因此，它的限制限制，其迫切需要可恢复/可持续性的能源，例如可持续型源。 液体生物柴油，生物醇，不同种类的蔬菜油和生物因素具有满足能量需求的潜力，同时也可以减少对我们环境的不利影响。 据报道，生物柴油可以显着降低气态有害排放和挥发性​​有机化合物。 但是，关于由生物柴油和/或植物油/柴油混合物产生的碳质颗粒（烟灰颗粒）知之甚少。 由于其纳米尺寸，碳颗粒具有巨大的环境污染和健康影响的潜力，即使在其他气态燃烧排放量中也更高。 吸入的纳米大小（十亿分之一）的颗粒具有很高的沉积到肺中，并且可能触发或加剧呼吸道疾病。 在某些情况下，这些危险的超细颗粒可以直接通过毛细管壁进入血液中，除了呼吸健康效应外，还可以引发严重疾病。 粒子的大小越小，它们越有害。 此外，由于其大小和重量轻，这些颗粒可以在沉降之前将其悬浮在空气中数周。 PI的初步结果表明，与在相同的实验条件下在柴油燃料中产生的直径相比，由两个不同生物柴油产生的碳颗粒的直径明显较小。 初步的发现与以下观点相矛盾：燃烧器用油运行的燃烧器可能会产生大（危害较小）或粗颗粒。 因此，迫切需要了解这些新的新兴燃料产生的这些超细危险颗粒的生长过程。 联合流燃烧器用于创建火焰。 该项目的方法将如下。目标1：使用不同的生物柴油和混合物使用激光灭绝技术研究烟灰浓度（颗粒种群）的影响。 还将通过创建具有不同氧含量在21％到100％O2的火焰培养基来研究烟灰浓度的效果。 激光灭绝技术允许对各种火焰中局部烟灰浓度进行瞬时的，无侵入的测量。 目标2：获取颗粒分布并研究碳颗粒的颗粒形态（尺寸，纳米结构和聚集程度），通过使用嗜热抽样技术提取它们。 为了实现目标2，将使用电子透射显微镜（TEM）和高分辨率TEM分析碳颗粒的样品。 目标3：还将努力获得主要气态化学物种的浓度谱，包括CO，CO2，O2，SOX和NOX。 排放浓度将通过在轴向和径向方向上扫描火焰作为产生空间分辨数据的一种手段来获得。 这项研究旨在获得对碳质颗粒和其他有害的气态排放的基本理解。这项研究项目将在俄克拉荷马州进行，这一事实将在俄克拉荷马州进行，该事实以美国原住民的遗产和人口和人口而闻名，这一措施的更广泛的影响重点是美国土著学生进入科学和发动机的招聘。 第一个教育主张的重点是刺激兴趣的计划，因此增加了美洲原住民对本科和高级工程教育的参与。 为了产生更广泛的影响，该教育主张还将集中在二级学生的指导上。 第二个教育主张的重点是刺激和增加国内学生在高级教育方面的参与。 努力将针对他们本科学习的第三年和第四年的高度才华横溢的学生。 OU拥有一大批才华横溢的本科生可以从中汲取灵感的事实，即OU在全国公立大学中始终排名第一位。 在工程学院，大约有一半的国家优异学者入学，因此构成了许多潜在的研究生，并在本地和全国范围内招募。