IDBR: Development of a miniature oceanographic data recorder that can be carried by marine mammals and other pelagic species

IDBR：开发可由海洋哺乳动物和其他中上层物种携带的微型海洋数据记录仪

• 批准号: 1063198
• 负责人: Randall Davis
• 金额: $ 48.89万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1063198&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IDBR; Development; miniature; oceanographic; data

In previous NSF-funded studies, small video and data recorders were developed and used that can be attached to free-ranging marine mammals to observe their underwater behavior, track their three-dimensional movements and record their environment (e.g., Science 283:993-996, 1999; Science 288:133-136, 2000). This project builds upon this success by developing miniature, animal-borne oceanographic data recorders (mini-ODRs) that will record fine spatial and temporal resolution data on conductivity (salinity), temperature and dissolved oxygen as well as three-dimensional location in the water column and geolocation at the surface using marine animals as small as 12 kg. Marine mammals and other pelagic vertebrates (e.g., sea turtles, penguins large fishes) that range throughout the world's oceans and descend to depths of up to 2,000 m have the potential of carrying oceanographic instruments that record fine spatial and temporal resolution data at relatively low cost, especially in areas that are not frequently visited by research vessels (e.g., the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean) and during the winter when sea ice and harsh weather pose severe logistical challenges. The simultaneous measurement of conductivity (salinity), temperature and dissolved oxygen as a function of location (vertical and horizontal) in the water column is fundamental in understanding the physical and biological oceanography of a region. Such fine resolution data, when applied to large geographic areas, can provide critical information on ocean circulation and structure which influence climate and ecosystem processes over large areas. The oceans are a key element in understanding climate change, and there is an increasing need for synoptic data on a global level. Most sub-surface oceanographic data have been obtained from ship-based surveys and the deployment of drifters. Animal-borne instruments provide a relatively low cost alternative for augmenting these data, especially in polar regions.

在之前 NSF 资助的研究中，开发并使用了小型视频和数据记录器，可以将其连接到自由活动的海洋哺乳动物身上，以观察它们的水下行为、跟踪它们的三维运动并记录它们的环境（例如，Science 283:993- 996，1999；《科学》288：133-136，2000）。该项目在此成功的基础上开发了微型动物海洋学数据记录仪（mini-ODR），该记录仪将记录有关电导率（盐度）、温度和溶解氧以及水中三维位置的精细空间和时间分辨率数据使用小至 12 公斤的海洋动物在表面进行柱和地理定位。 海洋哺乳动物和其他中上层脊椎动物（例如海龟、企鹅、大型鱼类）分布在世界各地的海洋中，深度可达 2,000 米，有可能携带海洋学仪器，以相对较低的成本记录精细的空间和时间分辨率数据特别是在研究船不经常访问的地区（例如北冰洋和南大洋）以及在海冰和恶劣天气构成严峻后勤挑战的冬季。同时测量电导率（盐度）、温度和溶解氧作为水柱中位置（垂直和水平）的函数对于了解一个区域的物理和生物海洋学至关重要。当这种高分辨率数据应用于大面积地理区域时，可以提供有关影响大面积气候和生态系统过程的海洋环流和结构的关键信息。海洋是了解气候变化的关键要素，对全球天气数据的需求日益增长。大多数地下海洋学数据是通过船基调查和漂流器部署获得的。动物源性仪器为增强这些数据提供了一种相对低成本的替代方案，特别是在极地地区。