Convective Precipitation and Heating Structures Observed by the SMART-Radar During the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Project (DYNAMO)

智能雷达在马登-朱利安振荡项目 (DYNAMO) 动力学过程中观测到的对流降水和加热结构

• 批准号: 1062217
• 负责人: Courtney Schumacher
• 金额: $ 62.43万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-15 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1062217&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Convective; Precipitation; Heating; Structures; Observed

The Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is the US component of an international experiment in late 2011/early 2012 in the Indian Ocean, the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY2011). The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to improve simulation and prediction of the MJO. The field campaign will include multiple radars, atmospheric sounding sites, a research aircraft, multiple research vessels, and oceanic measurements. The three main hypotheses of DYNAMO are: 1) Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale; the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state, 2) Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation, and 3) The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean by controlling the upper-ocean heat content and SST, and thereby surface flux feedbackIn this award, the investigator will deploy a SMART-R C-band radar on Addu Atoll for the duration of the 6-month Extended Operations Period of DYNAMO. The radar will provide continuous measurements of reflectivity and radial velocity of precipitating convection, and serve as the "workhorse" radar of DYNAMO, allowing other radars to have more flexibility in scanning strategies. The research team will also develop baseline products to assess properties of the precipitating clouds and their organization, including: reflectivity PDFs with height, echo-top heights, convective-stratiform classification, rain maps, and rain/snow water content estimates. Divergence and latent heating profiles calculated from radial velocity and reflectivity measurements will also be developed and used to determine the balance between low-level and upper level heating in precipitating convection.The broader impacts of the work include the involvement of a large number of students in field observations and data analysis, possible outreach activities on Addu Atoll, and enhanced international collaborations. A successful DYNAMO campaign would lead to improved understanding of tropical convection, the predictability of the MJO, and downstream effects of the MJO on weather in the United States and other areas.

Madden-Julian振荡（Dynamo）现场运动的动力是2011年下旬/2012年印度洋的国际实验的美国，这是印度洋合作季节内变异性实验（CINDY2011）。 Dynamo的总体目标是加快对MJO在印度洋启动的过程的关键，并改善MJO的模拟和预测。 现场运动将包括多个雷达，大气发声站点，一架研究飞机，多个研究船和海洋测量。 发电机的三个主要假设是：1）只有当潮湿层在MJO尺度的一个区域内变得足够深时，才能将深对流组织成MJO对流的包膜；这种湿润发生的步伐决定了前发作状态的持续时间，2）在不同阶段的特定对流群体对于MJO的启动至关重要，3）3）屏障层，风和剪切驱动的混合，浅层热线，浅层热线，浅层热层和混合夹带在印度海洋表面上，在印度海洋效果中起作用，在印度海洋效果中发挥着基本的作用，并在印度海洋范围内发挥作用，并在水上供热，并在水上供应，并在印度海洋范围内，SSOST和SST，SSOST和SST，SST，SOSST和SOSST，SSOST和SOSST，SSOST和SSOST，SSOSS逐渐发挥作用。调查人员将在6个月的Dynamo延长操作期间，在Addu Atoll上部署Smart-R C波段雷达。 雷达将提供对流的反射率和径向速度的连续测量，并充当发电机的“士兵”雷达，从而使其他雷达在扫描策略中具有更大的灵活性。 研究团队还将开发基线产品来评估降水云及其组织的特性，包括：反射率PDF，高度，回声高度，对流 - 间隙分类，雨图和雨水/雪水含量估计。 还将开发并使用根据径向速度和反射率测量计算的差异和潜在加热概况，以确定在降水对流中低级和上层加热之间的平衡。该作品的更广泛影响包括大量学生参与现场观察和数据分析，可能在Atbul Atul Atul Atoll Atoll Atoll和Inshanced Internallancation和增强的国际协作中进行扩展活动。 成功的发电机运动将导致人们对热带对流，MJO的可预测性以及MJO对美国和其他地区天气的下游影响的了解得到改善。