Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Linking Theories of Attribution, Risk Perception, and Communication to Investigate Risk Management and Safety in an Applied Context

DRMS 博士论文研究：将归因、风险感知和沟通理论联系起来，研究应用背景下的风险管理和安全

• 批准号: 1060433
• 负责人: Katherine McComas
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1060433&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; DRMS; Linking

Psychological studies linking attributions of responsibility for accident causation, risk perception, and safety have largely considered occupational settings, such as factories, and everyday routines, such as driving cars. A second body of scholarship situates attribution of responsibility in the larger context of risk management and seeks to explain how individuals attribute responsibility for preventing accidents (i.e., for ensuring safety) in cultural, moral, and ethical terms. While these two literatures share an attention to risk perceptions, risk management, and risk-taking behavior, no apparent research has attempted their integration. This research links these two approaches to attribution theory with theories of risk perception and communication to explore risk management and safety promotion in three U.S. national parks. With a mandate to conserve natural resources while attracting a diverse visiting public, the National Park Service relies on a variety of risk management techniques to promote visitor safety. In these settings, who (or what) is perceived as responsible for causing injuries, as well as ensuring that such incidents do not occur? To date, limited research has considered these questions. Employing a survey and in-depth interviews, this study will examine the perspectives of park visitors and NPS employees. Awareness of both groups? attributional beliefs, in turn, can help inform future risk communication strategies in parks, especially in locations where engineering or law enforcement strategies are inappropriate or impossible, and given diverse visitor populations.

心理学研究将事故因果关系，风险感知和安全责任归属联系起来，在很大程度上考虑了职业环境，例如工厂和日常习惯，例如驾驶汽车。第二个奖学金是在更大的风险管理背景下的责任归因，并试图解释个人如何将责任归因于预防事故（即确保安全），以文化，道德和道德术语归因。尽管这两篇文献都关注风险感知，风险管理和冒险行为，但没有明显的研究尝试整合。这项研究将这两种方法与归因理论与风险感知和沟通理论联系起来，以探索三个美国国家公园的风险管理和安全促进。 国家公园管理局（National Park Service）旨在保护自然资源，同时吸引各种各样的访问公众，因此依靠各种风险管理技术来促进游客的安全。在这些情况下，谁（或什么）被认为是造成伤害的原因，并确保不会发生此类事件？迄今为止，有限的研究已经考虑了这些问题。通过调查和深入的访谈，本研究将检查公园访客和NPS员工的观点。两组的意识？反过来，归因信念可以帮助公园中的未来风险交流策略，尤其是在工程或执法策略不合适或不可能的地方，并给予不同的游客人口。