CAREER: Gendered Transnational Labor Migration, Agriculture, and Environmental Change in Mesoamerica

职业：中美洲性别跨国劳务移民、农业和环境变化

• 批准号: 1056811
• 负责人: Claudia Radel
• 金额: $ 46.45万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1056811&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Gendered; Transnational; Labor; Migration

Labor migration across international borders continues to grow and is an increasingly important livelihood strategy for many households around the world. This type of migration has significant implications for rural livelihoods and the physical environments of migrant-sending communities, particularly in the developing world. It is predicted that global environmental change will result in increased out-migration from rural areas in the developing world as livelihoods are impacted. Migration patterns (who goes, where, and for how long) are highly gendered, with men and women following different strategies in different places. Labor migrants usually maintain ties to origin households and communities by frequently sending remittances and by returning home periodically or permanently. Thus their migration is associated both with their physical absence and with the injection of new resources, ideas, or skills during their absence and on their return. This research will examine the interconnected outcomes of international labor migration for sending region agricultural systems, land distributions, household economies, gender relations, and local/regional environments in Mexico and Central America. Research to date in Mexico suggests that local gender norms and expectations are important in shaping these outcomes. Thus this project will explicitly explore the role of gender, and specific and varying gendered migration patterns, in determining the impacts of international labor migration. The project will also analyze what role local environmental change plays as a driver of current patterns (both internal and international) of labor migration. By examining both environmental outcomes and environmental drivers, research results will contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the relationship between environmental change and human migration and the complex intertwining of this relationship with key social systems such as gender. Over a five-year period, the research supported by this CAREER award will conduct research in three regions: Mexico's southern Yucatan region, the highland Guatemalan state of Huehuetenango, and the northern Nicaraguan states of Leon and Chinandega. Methods are primarily ethnographic, consisting of face-to-face interview-surveys with smallholder farming households as well as semi-structured in-depth interviews with a subset of migration-participating households.Findings from this project will inform policies to facilitate positive outcomes in human and environmental well-being in the contemporary world. The project will help establish a Geographers' Migration Research Network. Integrated with the research project are various educational activities. The project will support and train at least three graduate students through research assistantships and their participation in collaborative research teams consisting of faculty and students from Utah State University and El Colegio de la Frontera Sur in Mexico. Establishment of these research teams will foster an expectation and culture of international collaboration. The project will also foster global and local citizenship in undergraduate students, through service-learning activities and the development, implementation, assessment, and dissemination of new teaching materials on migration, environment, and development.

跨国际边界的劳动迁移不断增长，对于世界上许多家庭来说，这是日益重要的生计战略。这种迁移对农村生计和移民生活社区的物理环境具有重要意义，尤其是在发展中国家。据预测，随着生计的影响，全球环境变化将导致发展中国家农村地区的迁移。迁移模式（谁去，哪里以及多长时间）高度性别，男人和女人在不同地方遵循不同的策略。劳工移民通常通过经常发送汇款并定期或永久返回家园来与原籍家庭和社区保持联系。因此，他们的迁移既与他们的身体缺席以及在他们缺席和返回后的新资源，想法或技能的注入相关联。这项研究将研究国际劳工移民的相互联系，以发送地区农业系统，土地分配，家庭经济，性别关系以及墨西哥和中美洲的地方/地区环境。迄今为止在墨西哥进行的研究表明，当地的性别规范和期望对于塑造这些结果很重要。因此，该项目将明确探讨性别的作用以及特定和变化的性别迁移模式，在确定国际劳工移民的影响方面。该项目还将分析当地环境变革作为当前劳动迁移（内部和国际）模式的驱动力的作用。通过研究环境成果和环境驱动力，研究结果将有助于更好地理解环境变化与人类移民之间的关系以及这种与性别关键社会系统（例如性别）的复杂交织在一起。在五年的时间里，获得该职业奖的研究将在三个地区进行研究：墨西哥南部尤卡坦地区，危地马拉高地休伊埃特南戈州，以及尼加拉瓜北部莱昂和中国州。方法主要是民族志，包括与小农耕种家庭的面对面访谈策略以及半结构化的深入访谈，并与迁移的一部分家庭组成。该项目的调查将为您提供当代世界中人类和环境中积极影响的政策。该项目将有助于建立地理学家的移民研究网络。与研究项目集成的是各种教育活动。该项目将通过研究助理职位以及他们参与由犹他州立大学的教职员工和墨西哥的El Colegio de la Frontera Sur组成的合作研究团队的参与来支持和培训至少三名研究生。建立这些研究团队将促进国际合作的期望和文化。该项目还将通过服务学习活动以及开发，实施，评估和传播有关移民，环境和发展的新教材的发展，实施，评估和传播。