High-Speed Video and Electrical Study of Upward Lightning Triggered by Towers

塔触发的向上闪电的高速视频和电气研究

• 批准号: 1048103
• 负责人: John Helsdon
• 金额: $ 58.65万
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1048103&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Speed; Video; Electrical; Study; Upward

This research will address how lightning is triggered and propagates upward from tall structures such as buildings and towers. Existing literature and previous observations suggest that nearby flashes can create conditions favorable for upward leader initiation from tall objects. The objective of these investigators is to quantify and understand these conditions and deter-mine a triggering flash component responsible for upward leader initiation. A combination of electromagnetic and optical sensors will record upward lightning flashes from multiple transmission towers near Rapid City, South Dakota. Electromagnetic sensors will include electric field meters, fast and slow field change sensors, and two interferometers. Operation of these sensors will be coordinated with high-speed video, standard-definition video, and digital still image cameras. Observations made with these assets will be analyzed along with National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and meteorological data (i.e., radar, satellite, thermodynamic sounding and meteorological surface parameters) to determine types of flashes and their properties that affect or are critical for the initiation of upward leaders from tall objects, storm type, region and stage of development during which upward lightning occurs, and the conditions for triggering upward leaders on multiple tall objects during the same flash.The intellectual merit of this research is centered upon a more complete physics-based understanding of mechanisms involved in triggering and propagation of lightning channels that are unique to strikes on tall structures. Broader impacts of this effort will include collaborative interactions with lightning researchers based in Brazil, who will participate in the South Dakota-based field program, through enhanced graduate student and undergraduate-classroom training in the methodology and interpretation of a diverse set of field observations and associated data analysis techniques, and through dissemination of these findings via conferences and in the peer-reviewed literature. Findings from this research will benefit society through increasing understanding of and protection from potentially hazardous effects of lightning strikes to both occupants and equipment mounted on high-rise buildings and other tall structures utilized for telecommunications and energy production. In addition, presentations related to this research will be made to regional elementary and secondary schools, and service clubs/organizations to increase lightning awareness and stimulate interest in higher education and atmospheric research.

这项研究将解决如何触发闪电，并从建筑物和塔楼等高层结构中向上传播。 现有的文献和以前的观察结果表明，附近的闪光灯可以创造有利于高大物体的向上领导者启动的条件。 这些研究人员的目的是量化和理解这些条件，并阻止触发闪光灯的启动闪光灯，负责向上领导者启动。 电磁和光传感器的结合将记录来自南达科他州拉皮德城附近多个变速箱的向上闪电闪烁。 电磁传感器将包括电场表，快速和缓慢的场更换传感器以及两个干涉仪。 这些传感器的操作将通过高速视频，标准定义视频和数字静止图像摄像机进行协调。这些资产的观察结果将与国家雷电检测网络（NLDN）和气象数据（即雷达，卫星，热力学声音和气象表面参数）一起进行分析，以确定闪光类型及其性质及其对启动至关重要或对启动至关重要从高大物体，风暴类型，区域和开发阶段的向上领导者的向上发生，以及在同一闪光期间触发多个高大物体上向上的领导者的条件。这项研究的知识优点集中在一个更完整的物理学上基于对触发和传播的机制的理解，这些机制是触发通道的独特之处，这些闪电通道是在高大结构上所独有的。 这项工作的更广泛的影响将包括与巴西的闪电研究人员的合作互动，他们将通过增强的研究生和本科生培训来参加基于南达科他州的现场计划，并在方法论和解释各种现场观察和解释方面。相关的数据分析技术，以及通过会议和同行评审的文献传播这些发现。这项研究的结果将通过对雷击的潜在危险影响和保护对高层建筑物和其他用于电信和能源生产的高层结构上的乘员和设备的潜在危险影响，从而使社会受益。 此外，将向区域小学和中学以及服务俱乐部/组织进行与这项研究有关的演讲，以提高闪电意识并激发人们对高等教育和大气研究的兴趣。