Collaborative Research: Geochemical and isotopic time-series of marine and terrestrial degradation of petroleum in the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill

合作研究：2010 年墨西哥湾漏油事件中石油海洋和陆地降解的地球化学和同位素时间序列

• 批准号: 1046278
• 负责人: Arndt Schimmelmann
• 金额: $ 6.69万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1046278&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Geochemical; isotopic; time; Collaborative; Research; Geochemical; isotopic; time

The proposed research aims to document organic geochemical and isotopic changes of petroleum over time following the April 20, 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The objectives of this study are to document the geochemical fate of petroleum in the wake of the marine oil spill using the analytical arsenal of organic geochemistry, in particular by using mass-spectrometric identification and quantification, and isotopic characterization. These techniques record the history of chemical change of spilled oil through time, and also forensically discriminate between residual oil from the BP spill and unrelated hydrocarbon pollutants that would otherwise go undetected. As oil washes ashore and is degraded in different littoral and terrestrial environments, the PIs will characterize the residual organic compounds as a function of exposure time to test whether published models for anaerobic biodegradation of crude oils in oil reservoirs fit the recorded trends of aerobic biodegradation from each sampling site. Their compositional and isotopic data from a variety of repeatedly visited sampling sites representing ecologically different environments will evaluate possible acceleration or retardation of oil degradation that result from environmental factors. One doctoral and several undergraduate students will participate in fieldwork, subsequent sample preparations, and analyses, educating students that across boundaries of organic, stable isotope and environmental geochemistry. Results of this study will be communicated to the scientific community through publications and presentations at conferences and will serve as a public outreach project at Grand Isle State Park, LA. Their data and interpretations will be used to help construct either a display or an informational pamphlet to educate the general public and K-12 students. Knowing which coastal environments have superior geochemical self-cleaning capability will help optimize the deployment of limited resources during future cleanup efforts.

拟议的研究旨在记录墨西哥溢油湾2010年4月20日，随着时间的推移，石油的有机地球化学和同位素变化。这项研究的目的是在海洋油泄漏后使用有机地球化学的分析库来记录石油的地球化学命运，尤其是使用质谱识别和量化和同位素表征。这些技术记录了随着时间的推移溢出油的化学变化历史，并在BP泄漏和无关的碳氢化合物污染物中对残留油进行了预先区分，否则这些污染物否则将未被发现。当油洗在岸上并在不同的沿海和陆地环境中降解时，PIS将表征残留的有机化合物，是暴露时间的函数，以测试是否已发表了用于在油储层中原油生物降解的模型是否适合每个Sampletring的有氧生物降解趋势。它们来自代表生态不同环境的各种反复访问的采样位点的组成和同位素数据将评估由环境因素导致的油脂降解的可能加速或延迟。一位博士和几个本科生将参加野外工作，随后的样本准备和分析，对学生进行教育，这些学生跨越有机，稳定的同位素和环境地球化学的界限。这项研究的结果将通过会议上的出版物和演讲传达给科学界，并将在洛杉矶大岛州立公园担任公共外展项目。他们的数据和解释将用于帮助构建显示或信息小册子，以教育公众和K-12学生。知道哪些沿海环境具有较高的地球化学自我清洁能力，将有助于在未来的清理工作中优化有限资源的部署。