Development of Organic H, C, and N Stable Isotope International Standards for NIST and IAEA: Multi-laboratory Expert Calibration in Support of GC, LC, and EA-IRMS Measurement Sci.

为 NIST 和 IAEA 制定有机 H、C 和 N 稳定同位素国际标准：支持 GC、LC 和 EA-IRMS 测量科学的多实验室专家校准。

• 批准号: 1052927
• 负责人: Arndt Schimmelmann
• 金额: $ 37万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1052927&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Organic; Stable; Isotope; International

This proposed multi-laboratory project aims to develop urgently needed organic hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen isotopic reference materials (RMs) that will serve the international community for one to several decades with reliable stocks of RMs. Modern, semi-automated stable isotope-ratio analysis (SIRA) in continuous flow mode with on-line elemental analysis (EA), gas chromatography (GC), or liquid chromatography (LC) interfaced with isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (IRMS) has become a routine and invaluable tool in monitoring of climate change, studies of ecology, environmental sciences, fossil fuel and biofuel sciences, food science, forensics, and medical sciences. Accurate determinations of hydrogen,carbon, and nitrogen stable isotopic compositions require a calibration using at least two isotopic RMs (also called standards) having different isotopic compositions to (i) anchor the isotopic scale and (ii) compensate for differences in operation of instruments, which commonly compress isotope scales. The development of suitable organic stable isotope RMs has not kept pace with the rapid development of analytical continuous flow methods. The U.S. traditionally has been an international leader in the development of stable isotopic RMs, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS) now fails to adequately serve the stable isotopic RM needs of the scientific community. As a result, the scientific community is forced to work with temporary laboratory isotopic RMs jeopardizing the mutual compatibility of scientific results among different laboratories. Several of our new organic isotopic RMs will be the first and only RMs for NIST for H, C, and N isotopic calibration of modern gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic approaches. An additional result of the proposed project will be to recommend improved, accurately calibrated hydrogen isotopic compositions for all inorganic and organic hydrogen RMs relative to the scale-defining international measurement standards. Distribution of newly developed RMs will occur via NIST and IAEA, and also via discounted channels to support NSF-funded applications.The fields of chemical and biological oceanography, ecosystems, and Geobiology/low-temperature geochemistry use stable isotope analyses as cornerstones for discovery and innovation. They will obviously benefit from having a source of standard materials, so that the results coming from these communities can be precisely compared. Diverse fields beyond geochemistry will benefit from new stable isotopic RMs, e.g. biofuel energy research, forensic tracing of contaminants and animals, biology and ecology (e.g., trophic research), medical science (diagnosing medical disorders), pharmacology (drug authentication), criminal justice (geographic tracing of human remains), and food science (food authentication). The PI has been volunteering in outreach efforts, for example by teaching the Geology Merit Badge to local boy scouts. When the use of stable isotope research was explained to young listeners or the public, the response was always enthusiastic to prominent forensic examples and the fact that RMs from my laboratory at Indiana University are being used by the FBI, EPA, IAEA, U.S. and international customs authorities. Results of this research will also be presented at the IU Crossroad Geology Program, which is an event run by the department?s graduate students aimed at sharing research with undergraduates, graduates from other institutions, and to visitors from industry.

该提出的多样性项目旨在开发急需的有机氢，碳和氮同位素参考材料（RMS），该材料（RMS）将使用可靠的RMS来为国际社会服务一到几十年。在连续流量模式下，现代，半自动稳定的同位素比率分析（SIRA），在线元素分析（EA），气相色谱法（GC）或液相色谱法（LC）与同位素比率质谱（IRMS）相连成为监测气候变化，生态学研究，环境科学，化石燃料和生物燃料科学，食品科学，取证和医学科学的常规和宝贵工具。准确确定氢，碳和氮稳定的同位素组合物需要使用至少两个具有不同同位素组合物的同位素RMS（也称为标准）进行校准，以（i）锚定同位素尺度和（ii）（ii）在乐器，乐器，工具，工具，（ii）补偿的补偿通常压缩同位素尺度。合适的有机稳定同位素RMS的发展与分析连续流量方法的快速发展没有跟上。传统上，美国一直是稳定同位素RMS发展的国际领导者，但是国家标准技术研究所（NIST，以前是NBS）现在未能充分满足科学界的稳定同位素RM需求。结果，科学界被迫与临时实验室同位素RMS合作，危害了不同实验室之间科学结果的相互兼容性。我们的几个新有机同位素RMS将是现代气体色谱和液态色谱法的H，C和N同位素校准的第一个也是唯一的RMS。拟议项目的另一个结果是，相对于定义规模定义的国际测量标准，建议改进所有无机和有机氢RMS的精确校准的同位素组合物。新开发的RMS的分布将通过NIST和IAEA进行，也将通过折扣渠道进行支持，以支持NSF资助的应用。化学和生物海洋学，生态系统以及地球生物学/低温地球化学的领域使用稳定的同位素分析作为发现以及发现以及发现和发现和发现的基石以及发现以及发现以及发现的基石创新。他们显然将从拥有标准材料来源中受益，以便可以精确比较这些社区的结果。地球化学以外的不同领域将受益于新的稳定同位素RMS，例如生物燃料能源研究，污染物和动物的法医追踪，生物学和生态学（例如营养研究），医学研究（诊断医学疾病），药理学（药物认证），刑事司法（人类遗体地理追踪）和食品科学（食品科学）（食品科学（食品）验证）。 PI一直在宣做外展工作，例如，通过向当地童子军传授地质功绩徽章。当向年轻的听众或公众解释使用稳定的同位素研究时，回应总是对著名的法医例子充满热情，并且我在印第安纳大学实验室的RMS被联邦调查局，EPA，IAEA，美国和国际使用。海关当局。这项研究的结果还将在IU Crossroad地质计划上介绍，该计划是由该系的研究生举办的活动，旨在与本科生，其他机构的毕业生和行业的访客共享研究。