Collaborative Instrumentation: COCONet (Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network) An Infrastructure Proposal for a Multi-hazard Tectonic and Weather Observatory

协作仪器：COCONet（持续运行的加勒比 GPS 观测网络）多灾害构造和天气观测站的基础设施提案

• 批准号: 1042906
• 负责人: Meghan Miller
• 金额: $ 474.21万
• 依托单位: UNAVCO, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1042906&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Instrumentation; COCONet; Continuously; Operating

This collaborative grant to UNAVCO, Inc., an EAR supported national geodetic support Facility (EAR-0735156), and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), an AGS supported consortium that manages the National Center for Atmospheric Research Facilities (NCAR), supports a five year planned development of a plate-scale integrated geodetic and atmospheric/regional climate observational system in the pan-Caribbean region. A goal of the Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network (COCONet) is to add 50 new semi-permanently monumented, continuously operating, Global Positioning Satellite (cGPS) stations spanning multiple Caribbean and Caribbean bordering nations. COCONet goals also call for the integration of GPS data from up to 50 existing stations operating in the Caribbean. The new cGPS stations will, in some cases, be co-located with existing tide gauges, thus supporting studies of sea level change in response to current global warming, and will be mated with surface meteorological observational equipment (Metpacks) to significantly expand spatiotemporal geodetic and atmospheric observational infrastructure in a region of complex tectonics with substantial earthquake, tsunami, volcanic, tropical storm and hurricane, flooding and landslide hazards. COCONet will provide a backbone fiducial and meteorologic observational network and COCONet data and data products that will be freely available through the UNAVCO archive will be available to serve a broad range of basic tectonic and atmospheric research investigations and enable observations of immediate relevance for advancing understanding, mitigating and perhaps predicting regional geohazards. Some specific questions that COCONet data could help to address include: 1) How rigid is the Caribbean plate?; 2) What are the slip rates along active faults that bound the Caribbean plate?; 3) How is stress released at convergent plate boundaries and how is stress transferred across plate boundaries?; and 4) How can we better understand and assess hazards in the Caribbean and Central American regions? Atmospheric questions that could be advanced by proposed GPS meteorological determinations and surface measurements of atmospheric physical properties include: 1) How sensitive is tropospheric water vapor content to changes in sea surface temperatures?; and 2) How does the distribution of precipitable water vapor across the Caribbean region influence the genesis, intensification and vectoring of tropical storms and hurricanes? COCONet data will flow via the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) data management system and be available via the Web-accessible UNAVCO data archive. Low-latency data telemetry will be via cellular modem or through VSAT satellite communications to the PBO Network Operations Center in Boulder, Colorado. These data will be processed into derived geodetic products, including combined GPS station position and velocity estimates, simplified position time series and velocity field estimates in multiple formats, at the existing PBO GPS Analysis Centers at Central Washington University and New Mexico Tech and the Analysis Center Coordinator at MIT. In addition, UCAR will estimate tropospheric precipitable water vapor (PV) every 30 minutes from observations of GPS radio frequency signal propagation delays along the path length between the satellite transmitter and the receiver coupled with concurrent surface measurement of barometric pressure. The PV observations will feed into operational numerical weather models run several times per day. The project will engage Caribbean researchers, their students and governmental agency representatives with the goal of empowering these nations to utilize COCONet data for both scientific and socioeconomic purposes. Real-time data from COCONet will be made available to the International GNSS Service (IGS) to help densify GPS observations in a region of the globe with few existing real-time data streams and thereby improve GPS satellite orbit calculations and help to refine the international terrestrial reference frame (ITRF).

这项合作授予了Unavco，Inc。的EAR支持国家大地测量支持设施（EAR-0735156）和大学大气研究公司（UCAR），AGS支持财团，该联盟管理国家大气研究设施（NCAR）（NCAR），该联盟（NCAR）支持五年计划的综合和综合区域的计划开发。 连续运行的加勒比GPS观察网络（Coconet）的目标是增加50个新的半通行，连续运行的全球定位卫星（CGPS）站，跨越多个加勒比海和加勒比海边境国家。 Coconet目标还要求集成从加勒比海运营的50个现有站点的GPS数据。 在某些情况下，新的CGPS站将与现有的潮汐仪共同分配，从而支持对当前全球变暖的响应海平面变化的研究，并将与地表气象观察设备（MetPacks）交配，以显着扩展时空时空的测量和大气观测基础结构，该地区的繁殖量和大气的潮流，并具有繁重的潮流，并遍布潮流的潮流，并遍布大气的境地。飓风，洪水和滑坡危害。 Coconet将提供一个将通过UNAVCO档案免费获得的骨干基金会和气象观察网络以及Coconet数据和数据产品，可用于提供广泛的基本构造和大气研究研究，并促进对理解，缓解和可能预测区域地质的立即相关性的观察。 Coconet数据可能有助于解决的一些具体问题包括：1）加勒比海板有多严格？ 2）沿着加勒比板的活动断层沿线的滑动速率是多少？ 3）在收敛板边界处的应力如何释放？如何在板边界上传递应力？ 4）我们如何更好地理解和评估加勒比海和中美洲地区的危害？ 通过提出的GPS气象测定和大气物理特性的表面测量可以提出的大气问题包括：1）对流层水蒸气含量对海面温度变化的敏感性如何？ 2）遍布加勒比地区的可累积水蒸气的分布如何影响热带风暴和飓风的起源，强化和矢量？ Coconet数据将通过Earthscope板边界观测站（PBO）数据管理系统进行流动，并通过Web访问的UNAVCO数据存档提供。 低延迟数据遥测将通过蜂窝调制解调器或通过VSAT卫星通信到科罗拉多州博尔德的PBO网络操作中心。 这些数据将被处理成派生的大地产品，包括在多种格式的合并GPS站位置和速度估计值，简化位置时间序列和速度现场估计，在中央华盛顿大学的现有PBO GPS分析中心以及新墨西哥州理工学院的现有PBO GPS分析中心以及MIT的分析中心协调员。 此外，UCAR将每30分钟从GPS射频信号传播延迟的观察结果沿卫星发射器和接收器之间的路径长度与与气压的同时表面测量相连，从而估算一次对流层沉淀水蒸气（PV）。 PV观察结果将以每天几次运行的数值天气模型为食。 该项目将吸引加勒比海的研究人员，他们的学生和政府机构代表，目的是使这些国家能够利用椰子数据来实现科学和社会经济目的。 来自Coconet的实时数据将提供给国际GNSS服务（IGS），以帮助几乎没有现有的实时数据流的全球区域中的GPS观测值，从而改善GPS卫星轨道计算，并有助于完善国际地面参考框架（ITRF）。