The Southern California Earthquake Center, Phase 4 (SCEC4): Tracking Earthquake Cascades

南加州地震中心第 4 阶段 (SCEC4)：跟踪地震级联

• 批准号: 1033462
• 负责人: Thomas Jordan
• 金额: $ 1500万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-01 至 2018-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1033462&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Southern; California; Earthquake; Center; Phase

This cooperative agreement funds the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) for the 5-year period from 1 Feb 2012 to 31 Jan 2017 (SCEC4). The Center is a large consortium of institutions with a national, and increasingly worldwide, distribution that coordinates basic research in earthquake science using Southern California as its principal natural laboratory. The region is data-rich and, with an urbanized population exceeding 20 million, comprises the lion's share of national earthquake risk. SCEC's theme of earthquake system science emphasizes the connections between information gathering by sensor networks, fieldwork, and laboratory experiments; knowledge formulation through physics-based, system-level modeling; improved understanding of seismic hazard; and actions to reduce earthquake risk and promote community resilience. Earthquakes emerge from complex, multiscale interactions within active fault systems that cascade as chaotic chain reactions through the natural and built environments. The current 5-year research program is developing the geoscience required to track earthquake cascades through time-dependent seismic hazard analysis, and it is moving this science forward through highly integrated collaborations that are coordinated across scientific disciplines and research institutions and enabled by high-performance computing and advanced information technology. The collaborations are focused on six fundamental problems of earthquake physics: (a) Stress transfer from plate motion to crustal faults: long-term fault slip rates. (b) Stress-mediated fault interactions and earthquake clustering: evaluation of mechanisms. (c) Evolution of fault resistance during seismic slip: scale-appropriate laws for rupture modeling. (d) Structure and evolution of fault zones and systems: relation to earthquake physics. (e) Causes and effects of transient deformations: slow slip events and tectonic tremor. (f) Seismic wave generation and scattering: prediction of strong ground motions. These problems are interrelated and require an interdisciplinary, multi-institutional approach. The SCEC4 interdisciplinary research initiatives include special fault study areas, which are distributed throughout Southern California; the development of a community geodetic model for Southern California, which combines GPS and InSAR data; and a community stress model, which is a new platform for integrating the various constraints on earthquake-producing stresses.The Center is translating basic research into practical products for reducing risk and improving community resilience. The SCEC4 program aims to transform long-term seismic hazard analysis into a physics-based science. It is helping the USGS and other responsible government agencies develop operational earthquake forecasting into a capability that can provide authoritative information about the time dependence of seismic hazards to help communities prepare for potentially destructive earthquakes. It is providing the science to enable earthquake early warning -- advanced notification that an earthquake is underway and predictions of when strong shaking will arrive at more distant sites -- and to improve the delivery of post-event information about strong ground motions and secondary hazards.SCEC's Communication, Education and Outreach program is built around the theme of creating an earthquake and tsunami resilient California. Through ShakeOut exercises, it is preparing individuals and organizations to respond to changing seismic hazards and introducing them to the new technologies of operational earthquake forecasting and earthquake early warning. It is educating people of all ages -- in California, across the country, and internationally -- about earthquakes, and motivating them to become prepared. A K-14 earthquake education initiative seeks to improve earth science education and school earthquake safety. SCEC's experiential learning and career advancement program provides a diverse cross-section of students and early-career scientists with research opportunities and networking to encourage and sustain careers in science and engineering.

该合作协议为南加州地震中心 (SCEC) 提供为期 5 年的资助，期限为 2012 年 2 月 1 日至 2017 年 1 月 31 日 (SCEC4)。该中心是一个大型机构联盟，分布在全国范围内，并日益遍布全球，以南加州作为其主要自然实验室，协调地震科学的基础研究。该地区数据丰富，城市化人口超过 2000 万，占全国地震风险的大部分。 SCEC 的地震系统科学主题强调传感器网络信息收集、现场工作和实验室实验之间的联系；通过基于物理的系统级建模来表述知识；提高对地震危险性的认识；以及减少地震风险和提高社区复原力的行动。地震是由活动断层系统内复杂的多尺度相互作用产生的，这些相互作用在自然和建筑环境中以混沌链式反应的形式级联。当前的五年研究计划正在开发通过时间相关的地震危险性分析来跟踪地震级联所需的地球科学，并通过跨科学学科和研究机构协调并由高性能支持的高度集成的合作来推动这门科学向前发展。计算和先进信息技术。这些合作重点关注地震物理学的六个基本问题：（a）从板块运动到地壳断层的应力传递：长期断层滑移率。 (b) 应力介导的断层相互作用和地震聚集：机制评估。 (c) 地震滑动过程中断层阻力的演变：破裂建模的尺度适当法则。 (d) 断层带和系统的结构和演化：与地震物理学的关系。 (e) 瞬时变形的原因和影响：慢滑移事件和构造震动。 (f) 地震波的产生和散射：强烈地面运动的预测。这些问题是相互关联的，需要采取跨学科、多机构的方法。 SCEC4跨学科研究举措包括分布在整个南加州的特殊断层研究区域；开发南加州社区大地测量模型，该模型结合了 GPS 和 InSAR 数据；社区应力模型是整合地震产生应力的各种约束的新平台。该中心正在将基础研究转化为实用产品，以降低风险并提高社区复原力。 SCEC4 计划旨在将长期地震灾害分析转变为基于物理的科学。它正在帮助美国地质调查局和其他负责的政府机构将业务地震预报发展成为一种能力，可以提供有关地震灾害时间依赖性的权威信息，帮助社区为潜在的破坏性地震做好准备。它提供科学技术来实现地震早期预警，即提前通知地震即将发生，并预测强烈震动何时到达更远的地点，并改进有关强烈地面震动和次生灾害的事后信息的传递.SCEC 的沟通、教育和外展计划围绕创建具有地震和海啸抵御能力的加州这一主题而制定。通过ShakeOut演习，它正在帮助个人和组织做好应对不断变化的地震灾害的准备，并向他们介绍可操作的地震预报和地震早期预警的新技术。它正在对加利福尼亚州、全国各地以及国际上各个年龄段的人们进行有关地震的教育，并激励他们做好准备。 K-14 地震教育计划旨在改善地球科学教育和学校地震安全。 SCEC 的体验式学习和职业发展计划为不同领域的学生和早期职业科学家提供研究机会和网络，以鼓励和维持科学和工程领域的职业生涯。