Ice Nuclei and Ice Formation Processes in Tropical Cumulus Clouds

热带积云中的冰核和冰形成过程

• 批准号: 1036028
• 负责人: Paul DeMott
• 金额: $ 42.69万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-11-01 至 2013-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1036028&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ice; Nuclei; Formation; Processes; Tropical

This award will provide researchers the opportunity to improve our understanding of the sources, physical and chemical nature, and number concentrations of atmospheric ice nuclei (IN). The measurements and modeling involved to be conducted are important in order to elucidate the roles of primary and secondary ice formation processes in determining microphysical composition and precipitation formation in cumulus clouds. The main aspect of this study is participation in the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Tropical Field Campaign (ICE-T). ICE-T is focused on improved understanding of the role of primary and secondary ice production in developing towering cumulus clouds through access to measurements to be collected during June-July 2011 by the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft. Research flights will be based out of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands, with a target data collection region over the Western Tropical Atlantic and adjacent Caribbean Sea. Work supported under this award will provide IN measurements using the Colorado State University continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) instrument, which is a annular flow diffusion chamber employing axial thermal gradients for real time ice nuclei measurements. The specific objectives are to perform airborne measurements aboard the C-130 to constrain the concentration of aerosols available to initiate ice by primary ice nucleation processes within the clouds being investigated, and to determine contributions of dust versus associated or unassociated biological aerosol toward ice formation at temperatures warmer than -20 degC. These investigators will then collaborate with other members of the ICE-T science team to analyze in-cloud ice formation processes a combination of via observational data and detailed numerical simulations. This support will also allow the investigative team to continue efforts to advance the technology for making atmospheric measurements of IN, including specialized implementations for ICE-T and participation in the proposed Instrument Development and Education in Airborne Sciences project.The intellectual merit of the award rests in expected improvements in understanding ice formation processes tropical cumuli, which are ubiquitous at near-equatorial latitudes, and in defining the role of different classes (inert vs. biological) of natural ice nuclei in triggering the initial formation of ice (and ultimately, precipitation) in such clouds.The broader impact of the research will include postdoctoral scientist training, collaborations with scientists in other institutions and disciplines, and enhancing U.S. research infrastructure. The obtained will be important for addressing such topics as aerosol-cloud-climate interactions and tropical storm formation. Additionally, a number of public outreach and educational activities are planned during the ICE-T field campaign.

该奖项将为研究人员提供机会，以提高我们对资料来源，物理和化学性质以及大气冰核（IN）的浓度的理解。 为了阐明原发性和二级冰形成过程在确定云云中的微物理组成和降水形成中的作用，涉及进行的测量和建模很重要。 这项研究的主要方面是参与冰云实验 - 热带田间运动（ICE -T）。 ICE-T的重点是改善对主要和次级冰生产在开发高耸的积云云中的作用，通过获得NSF/NCAR C-130飞机在2011年6月至7月期间收集的测量结果。 研究飞行将由美国维尔京群岛的圣克鲁瓦（St. 根据该奖项支持的工作将使用科罗拉多州立大学连续流扩散室（CFDC）仪器进行测量，该仪器是一个环形流量扩散室，采用轴向热梯度进行实时冰核测量。 具体的目标是在C -130上进行空中测量，以限制正在研究云中的原发性冰核过程可用的气溶胶浓度，并确定在温度下比-20 degC的冰层中粉尘与相关或无关的生物气溶胶在冰中造成冰形成冰层的贡献。 然后，这些研究人员将与ICE-T科学团队的其他成员合作，分析云层冰形成过程通过观察数据和详细的数值模拟的组合。 This support will also allow the investigative team to continue efforts to advance the technology for making atmospheric measurements of IN, including specialized implementations for ICE-T and participation in the proposed Instrument Development and Education in Airborne Sciences project.The intellectual merit of the award rests in expected improvements in understanding ice formation processes tropical cumuli, which are ubiquitous at near-equatorial latitudes, and in defining the role of different classes (inert vs. biological) of自然冰核在触发这样的云中触发冰的初始形成（最终是降水）时。该研究的更广泛影响将包括博士后科学家培训，与其他机构和学科的科学家的合作，以及增强美国研究基础设施。 所获得的对于解决诸如气雾云气候相互作用和热带风暴形成等主题至关重要。 此外，在ICE-T现场运动中计划了许多公共宣传和教育活动。