The Continued Operation of COSMIC in Support of Operational and Research Applications for Years 2012-2015

2012-2015 年 COSMIC 持续运行以支持运营和研究应用

• 批准号: 1033112
• 负责人: William Schreiner
• 金额: $ 220万
• 依托单位: University Corporation For Atmospheric Res
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1033112&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Continued; Operation; COSMIC; Support; Operational

This project, the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), involves research and data management activities centered around an atmospheric measurement concept called Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO), a relatively new space based active limb sounding method for measuring vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, pressure and height. The fundamental measurement is a time difference caused by bending and delay of GPS radio waves as they propagate through the Earth's charged atmosphere and then through the density gradients of the neutral atmosphere. The elegance and simplicity of the measurement is related to the GPS's purposefully chosen radio frequencies; as unaffected as possible by the intervening atmosphere as they reach the Earth's surface, making them all weather, unaffected by clouds, aerosols, etc. This renewal project builds and continues to improve on earlier work supported by NSF and its partner U.S. agencies, NOAA, Air Force, NASA and Navy, with costs shared equally by the United States and Taiwan, which operate the COSMIC satellites.Since its launch in April 2006, COSMIC has provided high quality data for science and operational use. The UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC) is currently producing between 1,000 and 1,500 Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) soundings per day. COSMIC data are now being assimilated in near real-time by most global numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers, including the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).Since its launch, the COSMIC system has produced close to 3 million high quality neutral atmospheric and ionospheric GPS RO profiles and many other valuable data products. These high resolution globally distributed data sets are being used to advance Earth system science by approximately 1,700 registered users from 55 countries, representing major U.S. and international universities, leading operational weather centers, research laboratories, and several private companies. The work being conducted includes: (i) operation and maintenance of the CDAAC for data processing, quality control, and dissemination; (ii) improvement of the quality and quantity of COSMIC data products by enhancing the GPS RO science payload firmware and CDAAC software processing algorithms; and, (iii) operation of the COSMIC Program Office to support the national and international science communities. Intellectual Merit: This project has high intellectual merit in that it operates, maintains and improves the state-of-the-art COSMIC radio occultation processing system that provides global, continuous, and all-weather observations of the atmosphere and ionosphere for research and operations. The COSMIC system is providing a gold-standard RO data set. This project will lead to cutting edge advances in system operation, GPS signal tracking, data processing, and inversion techniques to maximize its research value for the atmospheric sciences. Broader Impacts: The COSMIC data have significant impact on research and operations in the atmospheric sciences because of their quantity and quality, complete global and diurnal sampling, and their ability to penetrate deeply into the lower troposphere. The fact that the COSMIC data are of high precision and accuracy, high vertical resolution, and require no inter-satellite cross-calibration, makes them ideally suited for climate research and instrument validation. COSMIC also provides much-needed ionospheric observations for analysis and forecasting of space weather, and other ionospheric research. This project also has a significant education and outreach component. It will involve graduate and undergraduate students as well as postdoctoral fellows in scientific collaborations, and will continue to organize science workshops and support education and training activities. The COSMIC data and the processing software will continue to be made freely available to the broad university and user community. Beyond COSMIC, these activities will also have positive impacts on planning and execution of future RO missions.

该项目是气象，电离层和气候（宇宙）的星座观测系统，涉及研究和数据管理活动，该活动围绕着一个大气测量概念，称为全球定位系统（GPS）无线电掩盖（RO），这是一个相对新的基于新的空间空间的肢体测量大气温度，水蒸气，压力和高度的垂直轮廓的探测方法。 基本测量是GPS无线电波通过地球带电大气的弯曲和延迟引起的时间差，然后通过中性气氛的密度梯度传播。 测量的优雅和简单性与GPS有目的选择的无线电频率有关。当它们到达地球表面时，在中间的气氛中尽可能地受到影响，使它们全天候，不受云，气溶胶等的影响。这个更新项目的建立，并继续改善NSF及其合作伙伴美国机构NOAA，NOAA，NOAA，NOAA，NOAA，NOAA，空军，NASA和海军，经营宇宙卫星的美国和台湾同等的成本。由于宇宙于2006年4月推出，Cosmic为科学和运营使用提供了高质量的数据。 UCAR COSMIC数据分析和档案中心（CDAAC）目前每天生产1,000至1,500个全球定位系统（GPS）无线电掩盖（RO）。现在，大多数全球数值天气预测（NWP）中心，包括NOAA国家环境预测中心（NCEP），宇宙数据正在实时几乎实时地同化。由于其发射，宇宙系统已经生产了近300万个高质量的中和中和大气和电离层GPS RO轮廓以及许多其他有价值的数据产品。 这些高分辨率全球分布式数据集用于推动来自55个国家的大约1,700个注册用户推进地球系统科学，这些注册用户代表美国和国际大型大学，领先的运营天气中心，研究实验室和几家私营公司。所进行的工作包括：（i）用于数据处理，质量控制和传播的CDAAC的操作和维护； （ii）通过增强GPS RO科学有效载荷固件和CDAAC软件处理算法来改善宇宙数据产品的质量和数量；以及（iii）宇宙计划办公室的运作，以支持国家和国际科学社区。知识分子的优点：该项目具有很高的智力优点，因为它运作，维护和改善了最先进的宇宙无线电掩盖处理系统，该系统为研究和操作提供了全球，连续和全天候观察的大气和电离层。 宇宙系统正在提供金色标准的RO数据集。 该项目将导致系统操作，GPS信号跟踪，数据处理和反转技术的最先进，以最大程度地提高其大气科学的研究价值。更广泛的影响：宇宙数据由于其数量和质量，完整的全球和昼夜抽样以及它们深入渗透到下对流层的能力而对大气科学的研究和运作产生了重大影响。 宇宙数据具有高精度和准确性，高垂直分辨率，并且不需要卫星间交叉校准，这一事实非常适合气候研究和仪器验证。 宇宙还提供了急需的电离层观测值，以分析和预测太空天气以及其他电离层研究。 该项目还具有重要的教育和外展部分。 它将涉及研究生和本科生以及博士后研究员参加科学合作，并将继续组织科学研讨会并支持教育和培训活动。 宇宙数据和处理软件将继续向广泛的大学和用户社区免费提供。 除了宇宙之外，这些活动还将对计划和执行未来的RO任务产生积极影响。