Blind Spots and Bright Spots in Self-Knowledge

自知之明的盲点和亮点

• 批准号: 1025330
• 负责人: Simine Vazire
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1025330&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Blind; Spots; Bright; Self; Knowledge

The aim of this proposal is to examine what people do and do not know about themselves. Self-views are central to people's daily lives, influencing their subjective experience and playing an important role in shaping their behavior, their environments, and others' reactions to them. This project is designed to explain and predict how self-knowledge differs from other-knowledge. By identifying ways in which self- and other-knowledge may differ, the project will yield a better understanding of the unique strengths and weaknesses of self-knowledge. The Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) model contends that self-knowledge should be high for characteristics that are relatively neutral (i.e., not desirable or undesirable; e.g., talkative, assertive), but low for characteristics that are highly evaluative (e.g., funny, selfish). Furthermore, other people (e.g., coworkers, friends) should be in a better position than the self to judge these evaluative characteristics. The proposed study will test this idea by focusing on real-world behavior and examine whether people are aware of their own desirable, neutral, and undesirable behaviors. There are several unique strengths of the proposed study. First, it will make use of the latest technological advances to measure participants' real-world behavior. Measures of everyday behavior can be obtained accurately and efficiently using the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR; Mehl, et al. 2001). The EAR consists of a small, pocket-sized digital audio recorder worn by participants that periodically records snippets of their speech and ambient sounds. These recordings are then carefully coded for behaviors relevant to the study. Second, both self-perceptions of behavior from participants and perceptions of participants' behavior from four people who know them well (i.e., informants) will be assessed. This research will inform social psychological work on the self, illuminating the processes that contribute to accuracy and bias in self-perception. Identifying the potential blind spots in self-perception can reveal how self-knowledge can be improved, a central goal of psychological inquiry and practice. This research will have important practical implications for anyone relying on self-reports to measure behavior (e.g., employers). This grant would also help promote the involvement of underrepresented groups in scientific research by supporting a research team from a wide variety of backgrounds, including a graduate student who is a first-generation college graduate. In addition, this research is likely to be of significant interest to a wider public including laypersons and clinicians.

该提案的目的是检查人们对自己了解和不了解的事情。自我观是人们日常生活的核心，影响着他们的主观体验，并在塑造他们的行为、环境以及他人对他们的反应方面发挥着重要作用。该项目旨在解释和预测自我知识与其他知识有何不同。通过识别自我知识和他人知识可能存在的差异，该项目将更好地理解自我知识的独特优势和劣势。自我-其他知识不对称（SOKA）模型认为，对于相对中立的特征（即不受欢迎或不受欢迎的特征，例如健谈、自信），自我知识应该较高，而对于高度评价性的特征（例如，有趣，自私）。此外，其他人（例如同事、朋友）应该比自己更能判断这些评价特征。拟议的研究将通过关注现实世界的行为来测试这一想法，并检查人们是否意识到自己的理想行为、中立行为和不良行为。 拟议的研究有几个独特的优势。首先，它将利用最新的技术进步来衡量参与者的现实世界行为。使用电子激活记录器可以准确有效地获得日常行为的测量结果（EAR；Mehl 等人，2001 年）。 EAR 由参与者佩戴的小型袖珍数字录音机组成，可定期记录他们的语音和环境声音片段。然后将这些录音仔细编码为与研究相关的行为。其次，将评估参与者对行为的自我认知和四位熟悉参与者的人（即知情者）对参与者行为的认知。这项研究将为有关自我的社会心理学工作提供信息，阐明有助于自我认知准确性和偏见的过程。识别自我感知中的潜在盲点可以揭示如何提高自我认识，这是心理学探究和实践的中心目标。这项研究将对任何依靠自我报告来衡量行为的人（例如雇主）产生重要的实际意义。 这笔赠款还将通过支持来自不同背景的研究团队（包括第一代大学毕业生的研究生）来帮助促进代表性不足的群体参与科学研究。此外，这项研究可能会引起包括外行和临床医生在内的更广泛公众的极大兴趣。