Collaborative Research: Greenland melt water Geomicrobiology

合作研究：格陵兰融水地球微生物学

• 批准号: 1023233
• 负责人: Brent Christner
• 金额: $ 29.14万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1023233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Greenland; melt; water

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Arctic. Melting of the GrIS is increasing, delivering large amounts of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean. The nature and composition of microbial communities below the GrIS are not known, but recent studies have documented the presence of viable microbial communities in other subglacial environments and within the GrIS ice itself, indicating their potential importance for chemical weathering processes. This project will characterize GrIS? subglacial microbial communities to investigate the effect of microbes on lithospheric weathering and nutrient fluxes from the GrIS margin in West Greenland. The hypothesis is that the glacial thermal regime and bedrock lithology are the primary determinants of the subglacial bacterial communities, which in turn mediate nutrient release and weathering rates. Study sites in the Thule and Kangerlusuaq areas cover two major lithologies of West Greenland. The study combines state-of-the art microbiological, biogeochemical techniques, and datalogging of stream and climate parameters, to examine glacial meltwater. It is anticipated that the melting of the GrIS will have large effects on global biogeochemical cycles, ocean ecology, and atmospheric CO2. GrIS subglacial microbes are anticipated to play an important role in mobilizing elements from the lithosphere. Data generated on the diversity of GrIS microbes (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya) will provide an initial assessment of microbial richness and diversity in aquatic habitats beneath the GrIS. The primary objective is to examine the biodiversity and microbial contribution to geochemical processes and nutrient release, and this study will also provide insight into low temperature adaptation of life in and to a hitherto unexamined subglacial environment. A synergistic relationship with the WISSARD (Whillams Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) project will provide the opportunity for a bipolar comparison of biodiversity beneath the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. Providing data of chemical composition and fluxes of meltwater (particularly carbon, iron and trace nutrients) and sediments released by the GrIS will provide a framework to assess potential feedbacks in global biogeochemical models. Detailed measurements over two melting seasons will provide fundamental data towards a conceptual model of GrIS? subglacial microbial environments.

格陵兰冰盖（GrIS）是北极最大的淡水水库。 GrIS 的融化正在加剧，向北冰洋输送大量淡水。 GrIS 以下微生物群落的性质和组成尚不清楚，但最近的研究记录了其他冰下环境和 GrIS 冰本身内存在可行的微生物群落，表明它们对化学风化过程的潜在重要性。该项目将体现 GrIS？冰下微生物群落，以研究微生物对格陵兰岛西部 GrIS 边缘岩石圈风化和养分通量的影响。该假设认为，冰川热状态和基岩岩性是冰下细菌群落的主要决定因素，而冰下细菌群落反过来又调节养分释放和风化速率。图勒和康克鲁苏瓦克地区的研究地点涵盖了西格陵兰岛的两种主要岩性。该研究结合了最先进的微生物学、生物地球化学技术以及溪流和气候参数的数据记录，以检查冰川融水。预计 GrIS 的融化将对全球生物地球化学循环、海洋生态和大气二氧化碳产生重大影响。 GrIS 冰下微生物预计将在动员岩石圈元素方面发挥重要作用。 GrIS 微生物（细菌、古细菌和真核生物）多样性生成的数据将为 GrIS 下方水生生境的微生物丰富度和多样性提供初步评估。主要目标是研究生物多样性和微生物对地球化学过程和养分释放的贡献，这项研究还将深入了解生命在迄今为止未经检查的冰下环境中的低温适应。与 WISSARD（威姆斯冰流冰下通道研究钻探）项目的协同关系将为格陵兰岛和南极洲西部冰盖下的生物多样性进行两极比较提供机会。提供 GrIS 释放的融水（特别是碳、铁和微量营养素）和沉积物的化学成分和通量数据，将为评估全球生物地球化学模型中的潜在反馈提供一个框架。两个融化季节的详细测量将为 GrIS 概念模型提供基础数据？冰下微生物环境。