Collaborative Research, LiT and MSB: The Changing Diversity and Evolution of Decomposer Fungi in Response to Soil Warming and Nitrogen Additions

LiT 和 MSB 合作研究：分解真菌响应土壤变暖和氮添加的多样性变化和进化

• 批准号: 1021063
• 负责人: Serita Frey
• 金额: $ 35.82万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021063&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; LiT; MSB; Changing

Fungi are primary decomposers in temperate forests and their activities are important in determining the ability of forest soils to supply nutrients for plant growth and carbon sequestration. Shifts in the abundance, diversity, and activity of fungi are likely to have significant consequences for ecosystem function. Environmental change can have severe impacts on biological diversity, but relatively little is known about how soil fungi are affected, especially as compared to other organism groups. This project examines how soil fungi are affected by climate warming and nitrogen deposition, two important environmental changes in the Northeastern U.S. The specific objectives are to: (1) investigate the effects of chronic soil warming and nitrogen additions on the biodiversity of decomposer fungi; (2) determine if the fungi that grow in warmed or nitrogen-enriched plots persist because they are able to tolerate many different environments or because they have adapted to grow in the new environments of the experimental plots; and (3) examine the relationship between fungal diversity and decomposition in response to warming and nitrogen additions.The proposed research will make a new and fundamental contribution to the understanding of the ecology of soil fungi by examining fungal evolution/adaptation in a global change context. It will also add a great deal to what is known about the biodiversity of decomposer fungi and will provide information on how changes in the fungal community drive decomposition dynamics under conditions of altered temperature and nitrogen availability. Fungi are also emerging as infectious diseases of humans and other organisms. Climate change is clearly playing a role in the appearance of these novel diseases, and this work with a more benign group of fungi will provide data on the general features of fungal evolution in a changed climate. This project also supports the collaboration between project personnel and the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) in the development and distribution of a game that educates children about fungi. Lichens and mushrooms are startlingly beautiful and obvious to even the casual observer. "Fungal Bingo" teaches very young children about the amazing colors and shapes of the fungi they see in their own parks and forests. The partnership with EOL will result in a web-based version of Fungal Bingo that can be assembled automatically from local species lists.

真菌是温带森林的主要分解者，其活动对于确定森林土壤为植物生长和固碳提供养分的能力非常重要。 真菌丰度、多样性和活动的变化可能对生态系统功能产生重大影响。 环境变化会对生物多样性产生严重影响，但人们对土壤真菌如何受到影响知之甚少，特别是与其他生物群体相比。 该项目研究美国东北部两个重要的环境变化——气候变暖和氮沉降对土壤真菌的影响。具体目标是：（1）研究长期土壤变暖和氮添加对分解真菌生物多样性的影响； (2)确定在温暖或富氮地块中生长的真菌是否能够持续存在，因为它们能够耐受许多不同的环境，或者因为它们已经适应了在实验地块的新环境中生长； （3）研究真菌多样性和分解对变暖和氮添加的响应之间的关系。这项研究将通过研究全球变化背景下的真菌进化/适应，为理解土壤真菌的生态做出新的根本性贡献。 它还将大大增加对分解真菌生物多样性的了解，并将提供有关在温度和氮可用性改变的条件下真菌群落的变化如何驱动分解动态的信息。 真菌也正在成为人类和其他生物体的传染病。 气候变化显然在这些新疾病的出现中发挥了作用，这项针对一组更良性真菌的研究将提供有关气候变化下真菌进化的一般特征的数据。 该项目还支持项目人员与生命百科全书（EOL）之间的合作，开发和发行一款教育儿童了解真菌的游戏。地衣和蘑菇非常美丽，即使对于不经意的观察者来说也是显而易见的。 “真菌宾果”让年幼的孩子了解他们在自己的公园和森林中看到的真菌的惊人颜色和形状。 与 EOL 的合作将推出一个基于网络的真菌宾果版本，可以从当地物种列表中自动组装。